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Google的面試題 正則表達式解析器

←手機掃碼閱讀     火星人 @ 2014-03-09 , reply:0
一、題目如下:

--------------------------

Write a parser for a simplified regular expression

On an alphabet set [a-z], a simplified regular expression is much simpler than the normal regular expression.

It has only two meta characters: '.' and '*'.

'.' -- exact one arbitrary character match.

'*' -- zero or more arbitrary character match.

--------------------------

舉個例子,表達式 ab.*d 能匹配 'abcd', 'abccd', 'abad'. 不能匹配'abc', ' '(空字元串), 'abd'.

二、解法:

解析給定的表達式

生成對應的 NFA(Nondeterministic Finite Automation)

NFA轉化為DFA(Deterministic Finite Automation)

利用DFA判斷輸入字元串

三、相關代碼:

FiniteAutomata.java 和State.java,隨手寫寫,請選擇性參考.

FiniteAutomata.java

package parser;

import java.util.HashMap;

import java.util.HashSet;

import java.util.Iterator;

import java.util.LinkedList;

import java.util.Map;

import java.util.Map.Entry;

import java.util.Queue;

import java.util.Set;

public class FiniteAutomata {

private State start;

private final static char[] inputs;

static {

inputs = new char[26];

for (char i = 0; i < 26; i ) {

inputs[i] = (char) ('a' i);

}

}

private final char episilon = 0;

private char stateId;

public void compile(String pattern) {

this.stateId = 'A';

State NFA = toNFA(pattern);

this.start = convertToDFA(NFA);

}

private State convertToDFA(State NFA) {

Map<Set<State>, State> cache = new HashMap<Set<State>, State>();

Queue<Set<State》 queue = new LinkedList<Set<State》();

// start state of DFA

Set<State> start = episilon(NFA);

State starter = nextState();

cache.put(start, starter);

queue.offer(start);

while (!queue.isEmpty()) {

Set<State> currentEpisilon = queue.poll();

State current = cache.get(currentEpisilon);

// create new State

for (char input : inputs) {

Set<State> nextEpisilon = move(currentEpisilon, input);

if (nextEpisilon.isEmpty()) {

continue;


}

State next;

if (!cache.containsKey(nextEpisilon)) {

next = nextState();

cache.put(nextEpisilon, next);

queue.offer(nextEpisilon);

} else {

next = cache.get(nextEpisilon);

}

boolean isAccept = containsAcceptState(nextEpisilon);

next.setAccept(isAccept);

current.setTransition(input, next);

}

}

return starter;

}

private Set<State> move(Set<State> currentEpisilon, char input) {

Set<State> result = new HashSet<State>();

for (State s : currentEpisilon) {

State next = s.transit(input);

if (next != null) {

result.add(next);

}

}

return episilon(result);

}

private boolean containsAcceptState(Set<State> nextEpisilon) {

for (State state : nextEpisilon) {

if (state.isAccept()) {

return true;

}

}

return false;

}

private Set<State> episilon(State s) {

Set<State> cache = new HashSet<State>();

cache.add(s);

return episilon(s, cache);

}

private Set<State> episilon(Set<State> states) {

Set<State> cache = new HashSet<State>();

for (State s : states) {

cache.add(s);

cache.addAll(episilon(s, cache));

}

return cache;

}

private Set<State> episilon(State s, Set<State> cache) {

State next = s.transit(episilon);

if (next != null && !cache.contains(next)) {

cache.add(next);

cache.addAll(episilon(s, cache));

}

return cache;

}

private State toNFA(String pattern) {

char[] expr = pattern.toCharArray();

State currentState = nextState();

State starter = currentState;

for (char c : expr) {

if (c == '.') {

State nextState = nextState();

// add each transition for all inputs

for (char i : inputs) {

currentState.setTransition(i, nextState);

}

currentState = nextState;

} else if (c == '*') {

State nextState = nextState();


// add each transition for all inputs

for (char i : inputs) {

currentState.setTransition(i, nextState);

}

currentState.setTransition(episilon, nextState);

nextState.setTransition(episilon, currentState);

currentState = nextState;

} else if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') {

State nextState = nextState();

currentState.setTransition(c, nextState);

currentState = nextState;

} else {

throw new RuntimeException("Unrecognized expression");

}

}

currentState.setAccept(true);

return starter;

}

private State nextState() {

return new State(stateId );

}

public void constructDFA(Map<State, Map<Character, State》 mapping) {

Iterator<Map.Entry<State, Map<Character, State>>> it = mapping

.entrySet().iterator();

while (it.hasNext()) {

Entry<State, Map<Character, State》 entry = it.next();

State state = entry.getKey();

Map<Character, State> transition = entry.getValue();

state.setTransition(transition);

}

}

public boolean match(String c) {

char[] candidate = c.toCharArray();

for (char d : candidate) {

start = start.transit(d);

if (start == null) {

return false;

}

}

return start.isAccept();

}

public static String[] patterns = { "abc", "*", "*abc", "*abc", "a*bc",

"a*bc", "a*", "a*", "a*", "a*", "*abc*", "*****", "…", ".*",

".bc*", ".b*c*a", "*", "abc", "*a", "a", ".a*c", "a.*b", "", "",

"" };

public static String[] candidates = { "abc", "abc", "abc", "aaabbbabc",

"aaabbbabc", "abc", "abc", "a", "aa", "abcdef", "abc", "abc",

"abc", "abc", "abc", "abca", "", "abcd", "abcd", "", "abc", "abc",

"abc", "", "abc" };

public static void main(String[] args) {

FiniteAutomata fa = new FiniteAutomata();

for (int i = 0; i < patterns.length; i ) {

fa.compile(patterns[i]);

System.out.println(fa.match(candidates[i]));

}

}

}

State.java

package parser;

import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Map;



public class State {

private boolean accept = false;

private char id;

private Map<Character, State> mapping = new HashMap<Character, State>();

public State(char c) {

this.id = c;

}

public State(char c, boolean isAccept) {

this.id = c;

this.accept = isAccept;

}

public State transit(char input) {

return mapping.get(input);

}

public void setTransition(char input, State next) {

this.mapping.put(input, next);

}

public void setTransition(Map<Character, State> mapping) {

this.mapping = mapping;

}

public boolean isAccept() {

return this.accept;

}

public void setAccept(boolean b) {

this.accept = b;

}

@Override

public int hashCode() {

final int prime = 31;

int result = 1;

result = prime * result id;

return result;

}

@Override

public boolean equals(Object obj) {

if (this == obj)

return true;

if (obj == null)

return false;

if (getClass() != obj.getClass())

return false;

State other = (State) obj;

if (id != other.id)

return false;

return true;

}

@Override

public String toString() {

return "State [id=" id "]";

}

}


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