面對成千上萬的軟體，我們可能無從下手，有時也不知道它的文件名；這時就要用到查詢；我們可以用 yum list 來列出yum升級源上的包有文件；然後我們再來查看 info 有以下幾個組合可以用；比如；
[root@localhost beinan]# yum list |more
加上一個管道 |，然後 more 一下，就能把所有的包分頁顯示出來。然後按一下空格鍵就能看下一頁了。在顯示的軟體列表中，會有軟體名稱、版本、是否安裝等；仔細的看一下吧。熟悉了就好了。也沒有什麼難的。
[root@localhost beinan]# yum list |more Setting up repositories Reading repository metadata in from local files Installed Packages 4Suite.i386 1.0-8.b1 installed Canna.i386 3.7p3-13 installed Canna-devel.i386 3.7p3-13 installed
如果想知道軟體的詳細信息，可能得用上info參數了。比如：
用法：
[root@localhost beinan]# yum info 軟體名
比如：
[root@localhost beinan]# yum info bmp-mp3 Setting up repositories updates-released 100% |=========================| 951 B 00:00 extras 100% |=========================| 1.1 kB 00:00 base 100% |=========================| 1.1 kB 00:00 freshrpms 100% |=========================| 951 B 00:00 Reading repository metadata in from local files Installed Packages Name : bmp-mp3 Arch : i386 Version: 0.9.7 Release: 1.2.fc4 Size : 234 k Repo : freshrpms Summary: MP3 playback plugin for the Beep Media Player Description: This package contains an MP3 playback plugin for BMP (Beep Media Player), a media player that uses a skinned user interface based on Winamp 2.x skins, and is based on ("forked off") XMMS.
[root@localhost beinan]# yum info kernel.i686 [root@localhost beinan]# yum info kernel.i686 Setting up repositories updates-released 100% |=========================| 951 B 00:00 extras 100% |=========================| 1.1 kB 00:00 base 100% |=========================| 1.1 kB 00:00 freshrpms 100% |=========================| 951 B 00:00 Reading repository metadata in from local files Installed Packages Name : kernel Arch : i686 Version: 2.6.11 Release: 1.1369_FC4 Size : 37 M Repo : installed Summary: Linux 內核(Linux 操作系統的核心)。 Description: kernel 軟體包包含 Linux 內核 (vmlinuz)，Red Hat Linux 操作系統的核心。內核處理操作系統的基本功能： 分配內存、處理分配、設備的輸入和輸出等等。 Available Packages Name : kernel Arch : i686 Version: 2.6.12 Release: 1.1398_FC4 Size : 14 M Repo : updates-released Summary: The Linux kernel (the core of the Linux operating system) Description: The kernel package contains the Linux kernel (vmlinuz), the core of any Linux operating system. The kernel handles the basic functions of the operating system: memory allocation, process allocation, device input and output, etc.
[root@localhost beinan]# yum update kernel Setting up Upgrade Process Setting up repositories updates-released 100% |=========================| 951 B 00:00 extras 100% |=========================| 1.1 kB 00:00 base 100% |=========================| 1.1 kB 00:00 freshrpms 100% |=========================| 951 B 00:00 Reading repository metadata in from local files Resolving Dependencies --> Populating transaction set with selected packages. Please wait. ---> Downloading header for kernel to pack into transaction set. kernel-2.6.12-1.1398_FC4. 100% |=========================| 174 kB 00:18 ---> Package kernel.i686 0:2.6.12-1.1398_FC4 set to be installed --> Running transaction check Dependencies Resolved ============================================================================= Package Arch Version Repository Size ============================================================================= Installing: kernel i686 2.6.12-1.1398_FC4 updates-released 14 M Transaction Summary ============================================================================= Install 1 Package(s) Update 0 Package(s) Remove 0 Package(s) Total download size: 14 M Is this ok [y/N]:
是不是升級，只需要在 Is this ok [y/N]:行的後面輸入y或者N；y是yes，就是點頭同意的意思；N就是搖頭No的意思。
對於軟體包的查詢，還有，比如：
[root@localhost beinan]# yum list available 列出所有升級源上的包； [root@localhost beinan]# yum list updates 列出所有升級源上的可以更新包； [root@localhost beinan]# yum list installed 列出已經安裝的包；
yum 的命令支持通配符； 比如；
[root@localhost beinan]# yum list mp* |more Setting up repositories Reading repository metadata in from local files Installed Packages mpage.i386 2.5.4-5 installed Available Packages mpc.i386 0.11.2-3 extras mpeg2dec.i386 0.4.0-5b.2.fc4 freshrpms mpeg2dec-devel.i386 0.4.0-5b.2.fc4 freshrpms mpg321.i386 0.2.10-6.2.fc4 freshrpms mplayer.i386 1.0-0.16.pre7.2.fc4 freshrpms mplayer-docs.i386 1.0-0.16.pre7.2.fc4 freshrpms mplayer-fonts.noarch 1.1-3.fc freshrpms mplayer-skins.noarch 1.7-1.fc freshrpms [root@localhost beinan]#
2.安裝和升級軟體包；
安裝和升級分別是 install 和 update 參數；比如；
[root@localhost beinan]# yum update firefox
這樣我們就可以升級 firefox了。
[root@localhost beinan]# yum update firefox Setting up Update Process Setting up repositories updates-released 100% |=========================| 951 B 00:00 extras 100% |=========================| 1.1 kB 00:00 base 100% |=========================| 1.1 kB 00:03 freshrpms 100% |=========================| 951 B 00:02 Reading repository metadata in from local files Resolving Dependencies --> Populating transaction set with selected packages. Please wait. ---> Package firefox.i386 0:1.0.6-1.1.fc4 set to be updated --> Running transaction check Dependencies Resolved ============================================================================= Package Arch Version Repository Size ============================================================================= Updating: firefox i386 1.0.6-1.1.fc4 updates-released 18 M Transaction Summary ============================================================================= Install 0 Package(s) Update 1 Package(s) Remove 0 Package(s) Total download size: 18 M Is this ok [y/N]:
如果不加參數的 update 會是什麼呢？？
[root@localhost beinan]# yum update
試著運行一下看看？會好長時間，對系統進行全面更新，我們要進行y和N了。
3.移除軟體包要用到remove參數；比如；
[root@localhost beinan]# yum remove bmp-mp3
內容全景如下：
[root@localhost beinan]# yum remove bmp-mp3 Setting up Remove Process Resolving Dependencies --> Populating transaction set with selected packages. Please wait. ---> Package bmp-mp3.i386 0:0.9.7-1.2.fc4 set to be erased --> Running transaction check Dependencies Resolved ============================================================================= Package Arch Version Repository Size ============================================================================= Removing: bmp-mp3 i386 0.9.7-1.2.fc4 installed 234 k Transaction Summary ============================================================================= Install 0 Package(s) Update 0 Package(s) Remove 1 Package(s) Total download size: 0 Is this ok [y/N]: 按y就移除了；
三、yum的幫助；
在論壇中有好多，有興趣的弟兄自己找找看吧；但也不要忘記了自救；呵。。。。
[root@localhost beinan]# yum --help Usage: yum [options] < update | install | info | remove | list | clean | provides | search | check-update | groupinstall | groupupdate | grouplist | groupinfo | groupremove | makecache | localinstall | shell > Options: -c [config file] - specify the config file to use -e [error level] - set the error logging level -d [debug level] - set the debugging level -y - answer yes to all questions -R [time in minutes] - set the max amount of time to randomly run in -C run from cache only - do not update the cache --installroot=[path] - set the install root (default '/') --version - output the version of yum --exclude=package to exclude --disablerepo=repository id to disable (overrides config file) --enablerepo=repository id to enable (overrides config file) -h, --help - this screen
