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PXE 網路化安裝linux系統方法介紹

←手機掃碼閱讀     火星人 @ 2014-03-09 , reply:0

配置方法網上實在實在是很多,如果要更詳細的,大家可以直接到網上找,我不會在這裡寫的非常詳細,不會step by step的講述,最重要的是要知道實現原理!相信看了我下面的原理講解,能對你們看相關文檔帶來更大的幫助,因為真的有很多人在對著文檔做的時候更本不知道自己在做什麼!

  流程化實現原理:

  支持PXE的電腦開機(預先打開網卡PXE功能,網路引導)---> DHCP給該電腦一個IP地址,並指明下一跳tftp文件伺服器 ---> 電腦去tftp伺服器上(/tftpboot 文件夾下面)下載到一個叫做 pxelinux.0的文件,並拿到pxelinux.cfg文件夾下的default配置文件 ---> 根據該配置文件載入內核等操作,同時該配置文件中可以指明ks.cfg文件的地址,這樣實現全程無人化安裝!

  基本實現步驟:

  1.DHCP伺服器配置

  [root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/dhcpd.conf

  ddns-update-style interim;

  ignore client-updates;

  allow booting;

  allow bootp;

  subnet 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {

  # --- default gateway

  option routers 192.168.1.1;

  option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;

  # option nis-domain "domain.org";

  # option domain-name "domain.org";

  option domain-name-servers 192.168.1.1;

  option time-offset -18000; # Eastern Standard Time

  # option ntp-servers 192.168.1.1;

  # option netbios-name-servers 192.168.1.1;

  # --- Selects point-to-point node (default is hybrid). Don't change this unless

  # -- you understand Netbios very well

  # option netbios-node-type 2;

  range dynamic-bootp 192.168.1.2 192.168.1.10;

  default-lease-time 21600;

  max-lease-time 43200;

  next-server 192.168.1.112;

  filename "pxelinux.0";

  # we want the nameserver to appear at a fixed address

  # host ns {

  # next-server marvin.redhat.com;

  # hardware ethernet 12:34:56:78:AB:CD;

  # fixed-address 207.175.42.254;

  # }

  }


2.tftp伺服器配置

  [root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/xinetd.d/tftp

  # default: off

  # de.ion: The tftp server serves files using the trivial file transfer

  # protocol. The tftp protocol is often used to boot diskless

  # workstations, download configuration files to network-aware printers,

  # and to start the installation process for some operating systems.

  service tftp

  {

  socket_type = dgram

  protocol = udp

  wait = yes

  user = root

  server = /usr/sbin/in.tftpd

  server_args = -s /tftpboot

  disable = no

  per_source = 11

  cps = 100 2

  flags = IPv4

  }


3.準備相關文件

  安裝目錄樹,ks.cfg,initrd.img,pxelinux.0,pxelinux.cfg,vmlinuz

  A--把安裝目錄樹拷貝到一個共享目錄中,例如,/var/ftp/pub下面,用ftp共享

  B--ks.cfg也拷貝到 /var/ftp/pub下面

  C--

  cp /usr/lib/syslinux/pxelinux.0 /tftpboot

  cp /media/cdrom/images/pxeboot/{initrd.img,vmlinuz} /tftpboot

  mkdir /tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg

  touch /tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default

  default文件內容:(ftp地址自己改)

  [root@localhost ~]# cat /tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default

  default linux

  prompt 1

  timeout 60

  display boot.msg

  label linux

  kernel vmlinuz

  append initrd=initrd.img text ks=ftp://192.168.1.112/pub/ks.cfg


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