這四個Linux版本都可以通過設置軟體源而在線安裝或升級軟體。Debian和Ubuntu使用apt，Fedora使用yum而Mandriva使用urpm來執行這些操作。首先得選擇合適的軟體源。
對於Debian，建議使用ustc的源，修改/etc/apt/source.list文件如下：
deb http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ testing main non-free contrib deb http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/debian-security/ testing/updates main non-free contrib deb http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/debian-uo/ sid marillat ustc java misc #deb http://ftp3.tsinghua.edu.cn/mirror/debian/debian testing main non-free contrib #deb http://ftp3.tsinghua.edu.cn/mirror/debian/debian-security testing/updates main non-free contrib #deb http://ftp3.tsinghua.edu.cn/mirror/debian/debian-unofficial sid marillat ustc java misc |
Debian的安裝程序開始只安裝了基本的軟體包，要安裝基本的Gnome系統，可以在命令行下輸入：
apt-get install x-window-system-core gnome-core gdm xscreensaver
對於Ubuntu，建議使用Ubuntu中文站的源，修改/etc/apt/source.list文件如下：
deb http://archive.ubuntu.org.cn/ubuntu dapper main restricted universe multiverse deb http://archive.ubuntu.org.cn/ubuntu dapper-security main restricted universe multiverse deb http://archive.ubuntu.org.cn/ubuntu dapper-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb http://archive.ubuntu.org.cn/ubuntu dapper-backports main universe multiverse restricted deb http://archive.ubuntu.org.cn/ubuntu-cn dapper main universe multiverse restricted deb http://archive.ubuntu.org.cn/ubuntu-cn breezy main universe multiverse restricted |
對於Fedora，首先修改yum的軟體源，使用速度比較快的國內鏡像。按照以下修改/etc/yum.repos.d目錄的下面fedora-core.repo,fedora-extras.repo和fedora-updates.repo這幾個文件：
#/etc/yum.repos.d/fedora-core.repo [core] name=Fedora Core $releasever - $basearch - Base #baseurl=http://download.fedora.redhat.com/pub/fedora/linux/ core/$releasever/$basearch/os/ baseurl=ftp://ftp3.tsinghua.edu.cn/mirror/download.fedora.redhat.com/pub/ fedora/linux/core/$releasever/$basearch/os/ #baseurl=http://mirrors.geekbone.org/fedora/core/$releasever/$basearch/os/ #mirrorlist=http://fedora.redhat.com/download/mirrors/fedora-core-$releasever enabled=1 gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-fedora file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY #/etc/yum.repos.d/fedora-extras.repo [extras] name=Fedora Extras $releasever - $basearch #baseurl=http://download.fedora.redhat.com/pub/fedora/ linux/extras/$releasever/$basearch/ baseurl=ftp://ftp3.tsinghua.edu.cn/mirror/download.fedora.redhat.com/pub/fedora /linux/extras/$releasever/$basearch/ #baseurl=http://mirrors.geekbone.org/fedora/extras/$releasever/$basearch/ #mirrorlist=http://fedora.redhat.com/download/mirrors/fedora-extras-$releasever enabled=1 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-fedora-extras gpgcheck=1 #/etc/yum.repos.d/fedora-updates.repo [updates] name=Fedora Core $releasever - $basearch - Released Updates #baseurl=http://download.fedora.redhat.com/pub/fedora /linux/core/updates/$releasever/$basearch/ baseurl=ftp://ftp3.tsinghua.edu.cn/mirror/download.fedora.redhat.com/pub /fedora/linux/core/updates/$releasever/$basearch #baseurl=http://mirrors.geekbone.org/fedora/core/updates/$releasever/$basearch/ #mirrorlist=http://fedora.redhat.com/download/mirrors/updates-released-fc$releasever enabled=1 gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-fedora |
然後建議加上freshrpms這個軟體源(這個源包括了mp3插件，Mplayer，BmpX，aMule，unrar等等)。 首先以root用戶運行如下命令導入密鑰：
rpm --import http://freshrpms.net/RPM-GPG-KEY-freshrpms
然後在/etc/yum.repos.d目錄里新建一個freshrpms.repo文件，內容如下：
[freshrpms] name=Fedora Core $releasever - $basearch - Freshrpms baseurl=ftp://ftp3.tsinghua.edu.cn/mirror/ayo.freshrpms.net/pub/freshrpms/ayo /fedora/linux/$releasever/$basearch/freshrpms/ #baseurl=http://ayo.freshrpms.net/fedora/linux/$releasever/$basearch/freshrpms/ #mirrorlist=http://ayo.freshrpms.net/fedora/linux/$releasever/mirrors-freshrpms enabled=1 gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-freshrpms |
最後建議加上livna這個軟體源(這個源包括了MP3插件，Mplayer，Totem-xine，NTFS插件等等)。首先以root用戶運行如下命令導入密鑰：
rpm --import http://rpm.livna.org/RPM-LIVNA-GPG-KEY
然後在/etc/yum.repos.d目錄里新建一個livna.repo文件，內容如下：
[livna] name=Livna for Fedora Core $releasever - $basearch - Base baseurl= ftp://ftp3.tsinghua.edu.cn/mirror/livna/fedora/$releasever/$basearch/ http://rpm.livna.org/fedora/$releasever/$basearch/ http://livna.cat.pdx.edu/fedora/$releasever/$basearch/ http://wftp.tu-chemnitz.de/pub/linux/livna/fedora/$releasever/$basearch/ http://ftp-stud.fht-esslingen.de/pub/Mirrors/rpm.livna.org/fedora/$releasever/$basearch/ failovermethod=priority #mirrorlist=http://rpm.livna.org/mirrorlist-5 enabled=0 gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-LIVNA-GPG-KEY |
對於Mandriva，建議使用Mandriva國內鏡像的源，在控制台中輸入如下命令行：
/etc/urpmi/urpmi.cfg rm -rf /var/lib/urpmi/* urpmi.addmedia --distrib ftp://202.38.75.11/FreeOS/MandrivaLinux/official/2006.0/i586/ urpmi.addmedia updates ftp://202.38.75.11/FreeOS/MandrivaLinux/official/updates/2006.0/main_updates/ urpmi.addmedia plf-free ftp://cooker@mirror.mandrakelinux.cn/plf/free/2006.0/ urpmi.addmedia plf-non-free ftp://cooker@mirror.mandrakelinux.cn/plf/non-free/2006.0/ |
（責任編輯：A6）
