Python如何使用隊列方式實現多線程爬蟲

說明：糗事百科段子的爬取，採用了隊列和多線程的方式，其中關鍵點是Queue.task_done()、Queue.join()，保證了線程的有序進行。
代碼如下
import requests from lxml import etree import json from queue import Queue import threading class Qsbk(object): def __init__(self): self.headers = { "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/81.0.4044.138 Safari/537.36", "Referer": "https://www.qiushibaike.com/" } # 實例化三個隊列，用來存放內容 self.url_queue = Queue() self.html_queue = Queue() self.content_queue = Queue() def get_total_url(self): """ 獲取了所有的頁面url，並且返回url_list return:url_list 現在放入url_queue隊列中保存 """ url_temp = "https://www.qiushibaike.com/text/page/{}/" url_list = list() for i in range(1,13): # url_list.append(url_temp.format(i)) # 將生成的url放入url_queue隊列 self.url_queue.put(url_temp.format(i)) def parse_url(self): """ 發送請求，獲取響應，同時etree處理html """ while self.url_queue.not_empty: # 判斷非空，為空時結束循環 # 從隊列中取出一個url url = self.url_queue.get() print("parsing url:",url) # 發送請求 response = requests.get(url,headers=self.headers,timeout=10) # 獲取html字符串 html = response.content.decode() # 獲取element類型的html html = etree.HTML(html) # 將生成的element對象放入html_queue隊列 self.html_queue.put(html) # Queue.task_done() 在完成一項工作之後，Queue.task_done()函數向任務已經完成的隊列發送一個信號 self.url_queue.task_done() def get_content(self): """ 解析網頁內容，獲取想要的信息 """ while self.html_queue.not_empty: items = list() html = self.html_queue.get() total_div = html.xpath("//div[@class='col1 old-style-col1']/div") for i in total_div: author_img = i.xpath(".//a[@rel='nofollow']/img/@src") author_img = "https"+author_img[0] if len(author_img)>0 else None author_name = i.xpath(".//a[@rel='nofollow']/img/@alt") author_name = author_name[0] if len(author_name)>0 else None author_href = i.xpath("./a/@href") author_href = "https://www.qiushibaike.com/"+author_href[0] if len(author_href)>0 else None author_gender = i.xpath("./div[1]/div/@class") author_gender = author_gender[0].split(" ")[-1].replace("Icon","").strip() if len(author_gender)>0 else None author_age = i.xpath("./div[1]/div/text()") author_age = author_age[0] if len(author_age)>0 else None content = i.xpath("./a/div/span/text()") content = content[0].strip() if len(content)>0 else None content_vote = i.xpath("./div[@class='stats']/span[@class='stats-vote']/i/text()") content_vote = content_vote[0] if len(content_vote)>0 else None content_comment_numbers = i.xpath("./div[@class='stats']/span[@class='stats-comments']/a/i/text()") content_comment_numbers = content_comment_numbers[0] if len(content_comment_numbers)>0 else None item = { "author_name":author_name, "author_age" :author_age, "author_gender":author_gender, "author_img":author_img, "author_href":author_href, "content":content, "content_vote":content_vote, "content_comment_numbers":content_comment_numbers, } items.append(item) self.content_queue.put(items) # task_done的時候，隊列計數減一 self.html_queue.task_done() def save_items(self): """ 保存items """ while self.content_queue.not_empty: items = self.content_queue.get() with open("quishibaike.txt",'a',encoding='utf-8') as f: for i in items: json.dump(i,f,ensure_ascii=False,indent=2) self.content_queue.task_done() def run(self): # 獲取url list thread_list = list() thread_url = threading.Thread(target=self.get_total_url) thread_list.append(thread_url) # 發送網絡請求 for i in range(10): thread_parse = threading.Thread(target=self.parse_url) thread_list.append(thread_parse) # 提取數據 thread_get_content = threading.Thread(target=self.get_content) thread_list.append(thread_get_content) # 保存 thread_save = threading.Thread(target=self.save_items) thread_list.append(thread_save) for t in thread_list: # 為每個進程設置為後臺進程，效果是主進程退出子進程也會退出 t.setDaemon(True) t.start() # 讓主線程等待，所有的隊列為空的時候才能退出 self.url_queue.join() self.html_queue.join() self.content_queue.join() if __name__=="__main__": obj = Qsbk() obj.run()