- <repositories>
- <pluginRepositories>
- <dependencies>
- <plugins>
- <properties> (not actually available in the main POM, but used behind the scenes)
- <modules>
- <reporting>
- <dependencyManagement>
- <distributionManagement>
- a subset of the <build> element, which consists of:
- <defaultGoal>
- <resources>
- <testResources>
- <finalName>
2、激活Profiles
激活profiles有下列幾種方式:
Explicitly
Through Maven settings
Based on environment variables
OS settings
Present or missing files
1)通過mvn命令的-P參數來顯示激活profiles,該參數值是profile id list(之間用逗號連接).如:
- mvn groupId:artifactId:goal -P profileId-1,profileId-2
2) 通過在settings.xml里設置<activeProfiles> element來激活(當然<profiles>也必須在settings.xml里定義)
- <settings>
- ...
- <profiles>
- <profile>
- <id>profile1</id>
- ...
- </profile>
- </profiles>
- <activeProfiles>
- <activeProfile>profile-1</activeProfile>
</activeProfiles> - ...
- </settings>
列在<activeProfiles>里的profiles list會在每一個project執行時被激活
3)Profiles還可以基於detect到的build environment 的state來自動激活,而不需要象上面2種方式顯式激活.這隻需要在profile定義時使用<activation> element.如:
- <profiles>
- <profile>
- <activation>
- <jdk>1.4</jdk>
- </activation>
- ...
- </profile>
- </profiles>
上面的代碼表示:如果JDK version start with 1.4 (eg. "1.4.0_08", "1.4.2_07", "1.4"),該profile會被激活
- <profiles>
- <profile>
- <activation>
- <property>
- <name>debug</name>
- </property>
- </activation>
- ...
- </profile>
- </profiles>
上面的代碼表示:如果存在system propertie 「debug」,該profile會被激活.為了激活它,輸入的命令類似於:
- mvn groupId:artifactId:goal –Ddebug
- <profiles>
- <profile>
- <activation>
- <property>
- <name>environment</name>
- <value>test</value>
- </property>
- </activation>
- ...
- </profile>
- </profiles>
上面的代碼表示:如果存在system propertie 「environment」的值為test,該profile會被激活.為了激活它,輸入的命令類似於:
- mvn groupId:artifactId:goal -Denvironment=test
4)Profiles還可以基於OS setting來自動激活
- <profiles>
- <profile>
- <activation>
- <os>
- <name>Windows XP</name>
- <family>Windows</family>
- <arch>
x86</arch> - <version>5.1.2600</version>
- </os>
- </activation>
- ...
- </profile>
- </profiles>
上面的代碼表示:如果OS為windows xp,該profile會被激活
5)根據某個file不存在而激活profile.例如下面定義的profile是在target/generated-sources/axistools/wsdl2java/org/apache/maven不存在時激活
- <profiles>
- <profile>
- <activation>
- <file>
- <missing>target/generated-sources/axistools/wsdl2java/org/apache/maven</missing>
- </file>
- </activation>
- ...
- </profile>
- </profiles>
使用Profiles時要注意的2個問題
第一、external properties
不是定義在pom.xml里的properties都稱為external properties.舉例說明最明了:
pom.xml:
- <project>
- ...
- <build>
- <plugins>
- <
plugin> - <groupId>org.myco.plugins</groupId>
- <artifactId>spiffy-integrationTest-plugin</artifactId>
- <version>1.0</version>
- <configuration>
- <appserverHome>${appserver.home}</appserverHome>
- </configuration>
- </plugin>
- ...
- </plugins>
- </build>
- ...
- </project>
~/.m2/settings.xml
- <settings>
- ...
- <profiles>
- <profile>
- <id>appserverConfig</id>
- <properties>
- <appserver.home>/path/to/appserver</appserver.home>
- </properties>
- </profile>
- </profiles>
- <activeProfiles>
- <activeProfile>appserverConfig</activeProfile>
- </activeProfiles>
- ...
- </settings>
當你執行該pom時,運行正常.但如果another user執行時,則運行失敗,因為無法解析${appserver.home}(這是由於該properties是定義在user級別的settings.xml).
解決方法就是把該profile放到pom.xml里定義,但這樣做的缺點是所有使用該profile的pom.xml每個都要定義一次該profile.
最好的解決方法是:Since Maven provides good support for project inheritance, it's possible to stick this sort of configuration in the pluginManagement section of a team-level POM or similar, and simply inherit the paths
第二、pom.xml里定義的profiles不符合激活條件
依然是舉個例子:
pom.xml:
- <project>
- ...
- <profiles>
- <profile>
- <id>appserverConfig-dev</id>
- <activation>
- <property>
- <name>env</name>
- <value>dev</value>
- </property>
- </activation>
- <properties>
- <appserver.home>/path/to/dev/appserver</appserver.home>
- </properties>
- </profile>
- <profile>
- <id>appserverConfig-dev-2</id>
- <activation>
- <property>
- <name>env</name>
- <value>dev-2</value>
- </property>
- </activation>
- <properties>
- <appserver.home>/path/to/dev/appserver2</appserver.home>
- </properties>
- </profile>
- </profiles>
- <build>
- <plugins>
- <plugin>
- <groupId>org.myco.plugins</
groupId> - <artifactId>spiffy-integrationTest-plugin</artifactId>
- <version>1.0</version>
- <configuration>
- <appserverHome>${appserver.home}</appserverHome>
- </configuration>
- </plugin>
- ...
- </plugins>
- </build>
- ...
- </project>
上面定義的pom.xml定義了兩個profile:不同的」env」參數值會激活不同的profile.當執行命令:
- mvn -Denv=dev-2 integration-test
就會激活profile 「appserverConfig-dev-2」
當執行命令:
- mvn -Denv=dev integration-test
就會激活profile 「appserverConfig-dev」
而當執行命令:
- mvn -Denv=production integration-test
則運行失敗,因為沒有激活任何一個profile,因此無法解析${appserver.home}.
查看build time過程中使用了哪些Profiles
執行help plugin的active-profiles goal,使用命令:
- mvn help:active-profiles
例子:
對於上面的例子,如果輸入命令:
- mvn help:active-profiles -Denv=
dev
則輸出的是:
- The following profiles are active:
- - appserverConfig-dev (source: pom)
如果有一個profile定義在settings.xml里並使用<activeProfile>激活,那麼輸入命令:
- mvn help:active-profiles
則輸出的是:
- The following profiles are active:
- - appserverConfig (source: settings.xml)
如果輸入命令:
- mvn help:active-profiles -P appserverConfig-dev
那麼輸出的是:
- The following profiles are active:
- - appserverConfig-dev (source: pom)
- - appserverConfig (source: settings.xml)
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