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程序員眼中的qmail(qmail源代碼分析)

←手機掃碼閱讀     火星人 @ 2014-03-12 , reply:0
  

很多人對qmail smtp的認證機制,環境變數,執行順序不太了解。

  仔細看完這一大篇代碼后相信你會明白很多你過去不太明白的問題。

  當然你要有一點點c語言基礎。也只要一點點。

  Come from: ChongQing Gearbox co.,ltd

  這份文件還不完善,如果您完善了它請發一份給我: beggar110@163.com

  這份文件是給想深入了解qmail和想hacker qmail的人讀的,如果你只是想建立一個能夠運作的mail伺服器,沒有必要讀下去了。它將浪費你很多的時間。

  如果你對qmail控制文件還不是很了解,閱讀這份文件之前,請先閱讀rainbow的《qmail控制文件詳解》

  在這裡你可以找到www.chinaunix.net/forum/viewtopic.php?t=1126

  好的。開始我們qmail內部的漫遊吧!!!Let's go!

  代碼:

  qmail 總覽

  tcpserver MUA

  | |

  V V

  qmail-smtpd qmail-inject

  | |

  +----------->qmail-queue<-----------+

  |

  |

  qmail-send

  |

  +------------+------------+

  | |

  V V

  qmail-rspawn qmail-lspawn

  | |

  V V

  qmail-remote qmail-local

  | |

  | |

  V V

  INTERNET <----qmail-pop3d

  |

  |

  vchkpw

  |

  |

  qmail-popup

  |

  |

  tcpserver--+

  qmail-smtpd.c源代碼分析(去掉了所有include)

  qmail -smtpd是由tcpserver或由tcp-env啟動。tcpserver負責監聽埠,如果指定了-x rule.cbd,tcpserver會先決斷是斷開連接還是啟動qmail子進程。如果沒有指定-x參數啟動tcpserver,那麼直接啟動 qmail-smtpd.啟動qmail-smtpd之前將來自網路的數據連接重定向到qmail-smtpd的fd0,fd1.還會初始化一些 qmail-smtpd需要的環境變數,如TCPREMOTEIP.

  tcp-env只會初始化qmail-smtpd的環境變數,不負責監聽埠及重定向網路連接。所以tcp-env要和inetd配合使用。當然,由於初始化環境變數的工作tcpserver也會作,所以沒有必要tcpserver和tcp-env配合使用.

  qmail-smtpd完成郵件smtp命令的接收,並調用相應的處理程序。

  檢查mail 中的地址是否在control/badmailfrom中定義(MAIL命令)

  檢查是否設置了RELAYCLIENT環境變數或 rcpt 中的地址是否是control/rcpthosts中定義(RCPT命令)

  需要明確的是qmail-smtpd只是簡單的接收郵件內容傳送給qmail-queue,並不對郵件進行轉發(DATA命令)。

  當然還要向qmail-queue傳送mailfrom,mailto

  代碼:

  #define MAXHOPS 100

  unsigned int databytes = 0; //郵件最大長度:0=無限

  int timeout = 1200; //默認超時20分鐘

  //向網路寫,超時值為control/timeoutsmtpd指定的值。沒有這個文件則取默認值20分鐘

  int safewrite(fd,buf,len) int fd; char *buf; int len;

  {

  int r;

  r = timeoutwrite(timeout,fd,buf,len);

  if (r <= 0) _exit(1);

  return r;

  }

  char ssoutbuf[512];

  substdio ssout = SUBSTDIO_FDBUF(safewrite,1,ssoutbuf,sizeof ssoutbuf);

  void flush() { substdio_flush(&ssout); }

  void out(s) char *s; { substdio_puts(&ssout,s); }

  //錯誤處理函數

  void die_read() { _exit(1); }

  void die_alarm() { out("451 timeout (#4.4.2)\r\n"); flush(); _exit(1); }

  void die_nomem() { out("421 out of memory (#4.3.0)\r\n"); flush(); _exit(1); }

  void die_control() { out("421 unable to read controls (#4.3.0)\r\n"); flush(); _exit(1); }

  void die_ipme() { out("421 unable to figure out my IP addresses (#4.3.0)\r\n"); flush(); _exit(1); }

  void straynewline() { out("451 See pobox.com/~djb/docs/smtplf.html.\r\n"); flush(); _exit(1); }

  void err_bmf() { out("553 sorry, your envelope sender is in my badmailfrom list (#5.7.1)\r\n"); }

  void err_nogateway() { out("553 sorry, that domain isn't in my list of allowed rcpthosts (#5.7.1)\r\n"); }

  void err_unimpl() { out("502 unimplemented (#5.5.1)\r\n"); }

  void err_syntax() { out("555 syntax error (#5.5.4)\r\n"); }

  void err_wantmail() { out("503 MAIL first (#5.5.1)\r\n"); }

  void err_wantrcpt() { out("503 RCPT first (#5.5.1)\r\n"); }

  void err_noop() { out("250 ok\r\n"); }

  void err_vrfy() { out("252 send some mail, i'll try my best\r\n"); }

  void err_qqt() { out("451 qqt failure (#4.3.0)\r\n"); }

  stralloc greeting = {0};

  //輸出提示信息*code

  void smtp_greet(code) char *code;

  {

  substdio_puts(&ssout,code);

  substdio_put(&ssout,greeting.s,greeting.len);

  }

  void smtp_help()

  {

  out("214 qmail home page:

  void>pobox.com/~djb/qmail.html\r\n");

  }

  void smtp_quit()

  {

  smtp_greet("221 "); out("\r\n"); flush(); _exit(0);

  }

  char *remoteip; //遠端ip地址

  char *remotehost; //遠端主機名

  char *remoteinfo; //遠端信息

  char *local; //本地主機

  char *relayclient; //是否檢查rcpthosts文件

  stralloc helohost = {0};

  char *fakehelo; /* pointer into helohost, or 0 */

  void dohelo(arg) char *arg; {

  if (!stralloc_copys(&helohost,arg)) die_nomem();

  if (!stralloc_0(&helohost)) die_nomem();

  //fakehelo變數,如果helo 參數指定的主機名與TCPREMOTEHOST環境變數中的主機名不同則

  //fakehelo的值為helo命令的參數指定的主機名.如果兩者相同則fekehelo為NULL;

  //data命令處理程式用到這個變數

  fakehelo = case_diffs(remotehost,helohost.s) ? helohost.s : 0;

  }

  int liphostok = 0;

  stralloc liphost = {0};

  int bmfok = 0;

  stralloc bmf = {0};

  struct constmap mapbmf;

  void setup()

  {

  char *x;

  unsigned long u;

  if (control_init() == -1) die_control(); //control/me

  //讀入歡迎信息greeting,如果不存在則從me文件複製

  if (control_rldef(&greeting,"control/smtpgreeting",1,(char *) 0) != 1)

  die_control();

  //讀入localiphost,如果文件不存在則從me文件複製

  liphostok = control_rldef(&liphost,"control/localiphost",1,(char *) 0);

  if (liphostok == -1) die_control();

  //讀control/timeoutsmtpd存入timeout,用於控制超時的情況.

  if (control_readint(&timeout,"control/timeoutsmtpd") == -1) die_control();

  if (timeout <= 0) timeout = 1;

  if (rcpthosts_init() == -1) die_control();

  //讀入badmailfrom文件存入 bmf

  bmfok = control_readfile(&bmf,"control/badmailfrom",0);

  if (bmfok == -1) die_control();

  if (bmfok)

  if (!constmap_init(&mapbmf,bmf.s,bmf.len,0)) die_nomem();

  //讀入databytes文件存入 databytes,如果該文件不存在,則將

  //databytes的值設為0.

  if (control_readint(&databytes,"control/databytes") == -1) die_control();

  x = env_get("DATABYTES");

  if (x) { scan_ulong(x,&u); databytes = u; }

  if (!(databytes + 1)) --databytes;

  //取tcp-environ環境變數,如果環境變數沒有設置,將它的值設置為unknow.

  //這些信息來自tcpserver,或tcp-env之類的程式

  remoteip = env_get("TCPREMOTEIP");

  if (!remoteip) remoteip = "unknown";

  local = env_get("TCPLOCALHOST");

  if (!local) local = env_get("TCPLOCALIP");

  if (!local) local = "unknown";

  remotehost = env_get("TCPREMOTEHOST");

  if (!remotehost) remotehost = "unknown";

  remoteinfo = env_get("TCPREMOTEINFO");

  //從環境變數RELAYCLIENT讀入.

  //如果RELAYCLIENT變數沒有設置那麼relayclient將會是NULL.

  relayclient = env_get("RELAYCLIENT");

  dohelo(remotehost);

  }

  stralloc addr = {0}; /* will be 0-terminated, if addrparse returns 1 */

  //對命令參數arg進行郵件地址分析

  //並將分離出的email地址存入全局緩存addr

  //成功返回值為1,失敗返回0

  int addrparse(arg)

  char *arg;

  {

  int i;

  char ch;

  char terminator;

  struct ip_address ip;

  int flagesc;

  int flagquoted;

  //分離出郵件地址

  //例如: arg="",或 arg=": email@eg.org "

  //執行下面這段程式后arg="email@eg.org"

  terminator = '>';

  i = str_chr(arg,'<');

  if (arg[i])

  arg += i + 1;

  else { /* partner should go read rfc 821 */

  terminator = ' ';

  arg += str_chr(arg,':');

  if (*arg == ':') ++arg;

  while (*arg == ' ') ++arg;

  }

  /* strip source route */

  if (*arg == '@') while (*arg) if (*arg++ == ':') break;

  if (!stralloc_copys(&addr,"")) die_nomem();

  flagesc = 0;

  flagquoted = 0;

  for (i = 0;ch = arg[i];++i) { /* copy arg to addr, stripping quotes */

  if (flagesc) {

  if (!stralloc_append(&addr,&ch)) die_nomem();

  flagesc = 0;

  }

  else {

  if (!flagquoted && (ch == terminator)) break;

  switch(ch) {

  case '\': flagesc = 1; break;

  case '"': flagquoted = !flagquoted; break;

  default: if (!stralloc_append(&addr,&ch)) die_nomem();

  }

  }

  }

  /* could check for termination failure here, but why bother? */

  if (!stralloc_append(&addr,"")) die_nomem();

  //將ip地址轉換為主機名:

  //如 test@[10.0.6.21] 轉換為 test@host.mydomain.org

  //依據是control/localiphost文件中有host.mydomain.org

  if (liphostok) {

  i = byte_rchr(addr.s,addr.len,'@');

  if (i < addr.len) /* if not, partner should go read rfc 821 */

  if (addr.s[i + 1] == '[')//比較是否是用[]括起來的IP地址

  if (!addr.s[i + 1 + ip_scanbracket(addr.s + i + 1,&ip)])

  if (ipme_is(&ip)) {

  addr.len = i + 1;

  if (!stralloc_cat(&addr,&liphost)) die_nomem();

  if (!stralloc_0(&addr)) die_nomem();

  }

  }

  if (addr.len > 900) return 0; //地址太長,出錯返回

  return 1;//成功返回

  }

  //簡單的垃圾郵件檢查

  //檢查全局緩衝區addr中的地址是否有在badmailfrom中定義,

  //如果有則返回 1,否則返回 0.

  int bmfcheck()

  {

  int j;

  if (!bmfok) return 0;

  if (constmap(&mapbmf,addr.s,addr.len - 1)) return 1;

  j = byte_rchr(addr.s,addr.len,'@');

  if (j < addr.len)

  if (constmap(&mapbmf,addr.s + j,addr.len - j - 1)) return 1;

  return 0;

  }

  //檢查全局緩存addr中的郵件地址是否要進行轉發(依據control/rcpthosts文件)

  //可以進行轉發返回1

  //拒絕轉發返回0

  int addrallowed()

  {

  int r;

  r = rcpthosts(addr.s,str_len(addr.s));

  if (r == -1) die_control();

  return r;

  }

  int seenmail = 0;

  int flagbarf; /* defined if seenmail */

  stralloc mailfrom = {0};

  stralloc rcptto = {0};

  void smtp_helo(arg) char *arg;

  {

  smtp_greet("250 "); out("\r\n");

  seenmail = 0; dohelo(arg);

  }

  void smtp_ehlo(arg) char *arg;

  {

  smtp_greet("250-"); out("\r\n250-PIPELINING\r\n250 8BITMIME\r\n");

  seenmail = 0; dohelo(arg);

  }

  //重新初始化

  //調用helo或ehlo命令都會完成相同的功能

  void smtp_rset()

  {

  seenmail = 0;

  out("250 flushed\r\n");

  }

  //mail命令解釋程式. 重要變數: [mailfrom /全局]

  //該函數完成檢查mailfrom是否在badmailfrom中定義

  //設置標誌指明mail命令已經執行

  void smtp_mail(arg) char *arg;

  {

  if (!addrparse(arg)) { err_syntax(); return; }

  flagbarf = bmfcheck(); //檢查是否badmailfrom,如果是設置相應標誌,這個標誌在rcpt命令的處理程式中才起作用

  seenmail = 1;//指示已經執行過mail命令.

  if (!stralloc_copys(&rcptto,"")) die_nomem();//分配rcptto緩衝區

  if (!stralloc_copys(&mailfrom,addr.s)) die_nomem();//複製mail命令中指定的地址到mailfrom

  if (!stralloc_0(&mailfrom)) die_nomem();

  out("250 ok\r\n");

  }

  //rcpt命令解釋程式. 重要變數: [ rcptto /全局]

  void smtp_rcpt(arg) char *arg; {

  if (!seenmail) { err_wantmail(); return; }//mail命令是否已執行?

  if (!addrparse(arg)) { err_syntax(); return; }//分離郵件地址參數存入全局緩存addr

  if (flagbarf) { err_bmf(); return; }//如果mail命令中的地址在control/badmailfrom中有定義,返回

  //至此addr緩存中包含了rcpt命令指定的email地址.

  //如果rcpt 命令,則有addr="email@eg.org".這個變數是在addrparse函數中符值的

  //如果 RELAYCLIENT 環境變數設置將不進行rcpthosts,morercpthosts.cdb的比較

  //注意,打過smtp認證補丁,如果通過認證後會設置relayclient=""

  if (relayclient) {

  --addr.len;

  if (!stralloc_cats(&addr,relayclient)) die_nomem();

  if (!stralloc_0(&addr)) die_nomem();

  }

  else//如果沒有指定RELAYCLIENT變數,則由control/rcpthosts決定是否進行轉發

  if (!addrallowed()) { err_nogateway(); return; }

  //生成頭連接到全局緩存rcptto:

  //例如地址'rcpt test@eg.org' 命令將產生 rcptto="Temail@eg.org"

  //多次執行rcpt命令效果會是rcptto="Ttest@eg.orgTtwo@eg.org"

  if (!stralloc_cats(&rcptto,"T")) die_nomem();

  if (!stralloc_cats(&rcptto,addr.s)) die_nomem();

  if (!stralloc_0(&rcptto)) die_nomem();

  out("250 ok\r\n");

  }

  //saferead,從網路讀len個位元組到buf緩衝區

  //返回實際讀到的位元組數.

  //超時值為control/timeoutsmtpd文件中指定的值。見setup()函數.(默認值1200秒)

  int saferead(fd,buf,len) int fd; char *buf; int len;

  {

  int r;

  flush();

  r = timeoutread(timeout,fd,buf,len);

  if (r == -1) if (errno == error_timeout) die_alarm();

  if (r <= 0) die_read();

  return r;

  }

  char ssinbuf[1024];

  substdio ssin = SUBSTDIO_FDBUF(saferead,0,ssinbuf,sizeof ssinbuf);

  struct qmail qqt;

  unsigned int bytestooverflow = 0;

  void put(ch)

  char *ch;

  {

  if (bytestooverflow)

  if (!--bytestooverflow)

  qmail_fail(&qqt);

  qmail_put(&qqt,ch,1);

  }

  void blast(hops)

  int *hops;

  {

  char ch;

  int state;

  int flaginheader;

  int pos; /* number of bytes since most recent \n, if fih */

  int flagmaybex; /* 1 if this line might match RECEIVED, if fih */

  int flagmaybey; /* 1 if this line might match \r\n, if fih */

  int flagmaybez; /* 1 if this line might match DELIVERED, if fih */

  state = 1;

  *hops = 0;

  flaginheader = 1;

  pos = 0; flagmaybex = flagmaybey = flagmaybez = 1;

  for (;;) {

  substdio_get(&ssin,&ch,1);//從標準輸入(也就是網路)讀郵件內容直到讀到僅有一個點的行.

  if (flaginheader) {

  if (pos < 9) {

  if (ch != "delivered"[pos]) if (ch != "DELIVERED"[pos]) flagmaybez = 0;

  if (flagmaybez) if (pos == 8) ++*hops;

  if (pos < 8)

  if (ch != "received"[pos]) if (ch != "RECEIVED"[pos]) flagmaybex = 0;

  if (flagmaybex) if (pos == 7) ++*hops;

  if (pos < 2) if (ch != "\r\n"[pos]) flagmaybey = 0;

  if (flagmaybey) if (pos == 1) flaginheader = 0;

  }

  ++pos;

  if (ch == '\n') { pos = 0; flagmaybex = flagmaybey = flagmaybez = 1; }

  }

  switch(state) {

  case 0:

  if (ch == '\n') straynewline();

  if (ch == '\r') { state = 4; continue; }

  break;

  case 1: /* \r\n */

  if (ch == '\n') straynewline();

  if (ch == '.') { state = 2; continue; }

  if (ch == '\r') { state = 4; continue; }

  state = 0;

  break;

  case 2: /* \r\n + . */

  if (ch == '\n') straynewline();

  if (ch == '\r') { state = 3; continue; }

  state = 0;

  break;

  case 3: /* \r\n + .\r */

  if (ch == '\n') return;

  put(".");

  put("\r");

  if (ch == '\r') { state = 4; continue; }

  state = 0;

  break;

  case 4: /* + \r */

  if (ch == '\n') { state = 1; break; }

  if (ch != '\r') { put("\r"); state = 0; }

  }

  put(&ch);

  }

  }

  char accept_buf[FMT_ULONG];

  void acceptmessage(qp) unsigned long qp;

  {

  datetime_sec when;

  when = now();

  out("250 ok ");

  accept_buf[fmt_ulong(accept_buf,(unsigned long) when)] = 0;

  out(accept_buf);

  out(" qp ");

  accept_buf[fmt_ulong(accept_buf,qp)] = 0;

  out(accept_buf);

  out("\r\n");

  }

  //data 命令解釋程式

  //完成向qmail-queue投遞郵件

  void smtp_data() {

  int hops;

  unsigned long qp;

  char *qqx;

  if (!seenmail) { err_wantmail(); return; } //如果沒有執行過mail命令,出錯返回

  if (!rcptto.len) { err_wantrcpt(); return; } //如果沒有執行rcpt命令,出錯返回

  seenmail = 0; //將mail命令標誌失效,

  //databytes 郵件最大長度,如果沒有指定那麼它的值將是0

  if (databytes) bytestooverflow = databytes + 1;

  if (qmail_open(&qqt) == -1) { err_qqt(); return; }//建立子進程執行qmail-queue

  qp = qmail_qp(&qqt); //qp 為qmail-queue process縮寫,it's a process id.

  out("354 go ahead\r\n");

  //向新建立的進程傳送郵件頭

  received(&qqt,"SMTP",local,remoteip,remotehost,remoteinfo,fakehelo);

  blast(&hops);

  hops = (hops >= MAXHOPS);

  if (hops) qmail_fail(&qqt);

  //向qmail-queue傳送郵件頭信息.

  //如果hong@hg.org 向 lyx@hg.org發送郵件,那麼向qmail-queue傳送的字元串將是

  // Fhong@hg.orgTlyx@hg.org

  qmail_from(&qqt,mailfrom.s);

  qmail_put(&qqt,rcptto.s,rcptto.len);

  qqx = qmail_close(&qqt);

  if (!*qqx) { acceptmessage(qp); return; }//如果接收成功

  if (hops) { out("554 too many hops, this message is looping (#5.4.6)\r\n"); return; }

  if (databytes) if (!bytestooverflow) { out("552 sorry, that message size exceeds my databytes limit (#5.3.4)\r\n"); return; }

  if (*qqx == 'D') out("554 "); else out("451 ");

  out(qqx + 1);

  out("\r\n");

  }

  //smtp命令處理函數表

  struct commands smtpcommands[] = {

  { "rcpt", smtp_rcpt, 0 }

  , { "mail", smtp_mail, 0 }

  , { "data", smtp_data, flush } //建立子進程執行qamil-queue,並向其傳送郵件.

  , { "quit", smtp_quit, flush }

  , { "helo", smtp_helo, flush }

  , { "ehlo", smtp_ehlo, flush }

  , { "rset", smtp_rset, 0 }

  , { "help", smtp_help, flush }

  , { "noop", err_noop, flush } //實際上未實現的命令, { "vrfy", err_vrfy, flush } //實際上未實現的命令, { 0, err_unimpl, flush } //命令錯誤

  } ;

  /*

  qmail-smtpd 是由tcpserver,或tcp-env之類的程式啟動

  tcpserver,tcp-env將來自網路的連接重定向到qmail-smtpd的標準輸入及標準輸出.這些程式建立一些環境變數(如TCPREMOTEHOST,TCPREMOTEIP)將由setup()函數使用

  */

  void main()

  {

  sig_pipeignore();//忽略信號.

  if (chdir(auto_qmail) == -1) die_control();//改變當前目錄到 /var/qmail.

  setup();//讀控制文件及相應的環境變數.

  if (ipme_init() != 1) die_ipme(); //取本地介面的IP地址:

  smtp_greet("220 "); //顯示歡迎信息.

  out(" ESMTP\r\n");

  //從標準輸入(網路連接)讀入smtp命令.

  if (commands(&ssin,&smtpcommands) == 0) die_read();

  die_nomem();

  }

  ==完==

  qmail-queue源代碼分析

  Programmer:夜未眠

  Comefrom:ChongQing Gearbox co.,ltd

  程序主要完成的功能是:

  1.生成自已的郵件首部,也就是你在郵件頭中見到的類似下面的東西

  Recevied (qmail 855 invoked by uid 0); 2 May 2003 12:18:09 -0000

  2.建立3個文件

  queue/mess// //郵件正文

  queue/intd/ 用戶id,進程id,mailfrom,rcptto

  queue/todo/ 是intd目錄下文件的複本.

  3.寫命名管道lock/trigger通知新郵件

  代碼:

  #define DEATH 86400 /* 24 hours; _must_ be below q-s's OSSIFIED (36 hours) */

  #define ADDR 1003

  char inbuf[2048];

  struct substdio ssin;

  char outbuf[256];

  struct substdio ssout;

  datetime_sec starttime;

  struct datetime dt;

  unsigned long mypid;

  unsigned long uid;

  char *pidfn;

  struct stat pidst;

  unsigned long messnum;

  char *messfn;

  char *todofn;

  char *intdfn;

  int messfd;

  int intdfd;

  int flagmademess = 0;

  int flagmadeintd = 0;

  //錯誤清理

  void cleanup()

  {

  if (flagmadeintd)

  {

  seek_trunc(intdfd,0);

  if (unlink(intdfn) == -1) return;

  }

  if (flagmademess)

  {

  seek_trunc(messfd,0);

  if (unlink(messfn) == -1) return;

  }

  }

  void die(e) int e; { _exit(e); }

  void die_write() { cleanup(); die(53); }

  void die_read() { cleanup(); die(54); }

  void sigalrm() { /* thou shalt not clean up here */ die(52); }

  void sigbug() { die(81); }

  unsigned int receivedlen;

  char *received;

  static unsigned int receivedfmt(s)

  char *s;

  {

  unsigned int i;

  unsigned int len;

  len = 0;

  /*生成

  /* "Received: (qmail-queue invoked by alias); 26 Sep 1995 04:46:54 -0000\n" */

  [日 月 年 時 分 秒]

  的形式.

  */

  i = fmt_str(s,"Received: (qmail "); len += i; if (s) s += i;

  i = fmt_ulong(s,mypid); len += i; if (s) s += i;

  i = fmt_str(s," invoked "); len += i; if (s) s += i;

  if (uid == auto_uida)

  { i = fmt_str(s,"by alias"); len += i; if (s) s += i; }

  else if (uid == auto_uidd)

  { i = fmt_str(s,"from network"); len += i; if (s) s += i; }

  else if (uid == auto_uids)

  { i = fmt_str(s,"for bounce"); len += i; if (s) s += i; }

  else

  {

  i = fmt_str(s,"by uid "); len += i; if (s) s += i;

  i = fmt_ulong(s,uid); len += i; if (s) s += i;

  }

  i = fmt_str(s,"); "); len += i; if (s) s += i;

  i = date822fmt(s,&dt); len += i; if (s) s += i;

  return len;

  }

  void received_setup()

  {

  receivedlen = receivedfmt((char *) 0);

  received = alloc(receivedlen + 1);

  if (!received) die(51);

  receivedfmt(received);

  }

  unsigned int pidfmt(s,seq)

  char *s;

  unsigned long seq;

  {

  unsigned int i;

  unsigned int len;

  //生成類型pid/3434.34242424.1的字元串到s中

  //這個字元串實際上就是/var/qmail/queue/pid目錄下一個文件名。指示當前進程的pid.

  len = 0;

  i = fmt_str(s,"pid/"); len += i; if (s) s += i;

  i = fmt_ulong(s,mypid); len += i; if (s) s += i;

  i = fmt_str(s,"."); len += i; if (s) s += i;

  i = fmt_ulong(s,starttime); len += i; if (s) s += i;

  i = fmt_str(s,"."); len += i; if (s) s += i;

  i = fmt_ulong(s,seq); len += i; if (s) s += i;

  ++len; if (s) *s++ = 0;

  return len;

  }

  char *fnnum(dirslash,flagsplit)

  char *dirslash;

  int flagsplit;

  {

  char *s;

  s = alloc(fmtqfn((char *) 0,dirslash,messnum,flagsplit));

  if (!s) die(51);

  fmtqfn(s,dirslash,messnum,flagsplit);

  return s;

  }

  void pidopen() //建立類似/var/run/inet.pid之類的進程id文件.

  {

  unsigned int len;

  unsigned long seq;

  seq = 1;

  len = pidfmt((char *) 0,seq);

  pidfn = alloc(len);

  if (!pidfn) die(51);

  for (seq = 1;seq < 10;++seq)

  {

  if (pidfmt((char *) 0,seq) > len) die(81); /* paranoia */

  pidfmt(pidfn,seq);

  messfd = open_excl(pidfn);

  if (messfd != -1) return;

  }

  die(63);

  }

  char tmp[FMT_ULONG];

  void main()

  {

  unsigned int len;

  char ch;

  sig_blocknone();

  umask(033);

  if (chdir(auto_qmail) == -1) die(61);

  if (chdir("queue") == -1) die(62);//改變工作目錄到/var/qmail/queue

  mypid = getpid();

  uid = getuid();

  starttime = now();

  datetime_tai(&dt,starttime);//將起始時間轉換為可讀年月日時分秒的形式

  //生成自已的郵件頭存入緩存reseived中

  //例如: received="Received: (qmail 3434 invoked by 34434); Apr 27 2003 14:55:34"

  received_setup();

  sig_pipeignore();

  sig_miscignore();

  sig_alarmcatch(sigalrm);//捕捉alarm信號,控制超時

  sig_bugcatch(sigbug);

  alarm(DEATH); //超時秒數,預設值是86400(24小時) 后錯誤返回52

  pidopen();//建立進程id文件

  if (fstat(messfd,&pidst) == -1) die(63);

  messnum = pidst.st_ino; //進程id文件的inode節點號

  /*生成將要建立的文件的文件名

  幾個文件都是根據剛才建立的pid文件的inode節點號命名的.inode不可能被兩個文件同時佔用,這保證了郵件唯一性。

  其中mess目錄下的文件放置有一個%23的問題,

  tips: 因為是%23所以該目錄名最大的可能只有22,明白queue/mess目錄下目錄為什麼最大隻22了吧

  比如說inode節點號為3455,那麼3455%23=5,那麼將生成/var/qmail/queue/mess/5/3455 這樣一個文件來存放郵件。

  /var/qmail/queue/todo/3455與/var/qmail/queue/intd/3455是相同的,都是保存用戶id,進程id,mailfrom,rcptto的。

  */

  messfn = fnnum("mess/",1); //解釋為message file name

  todofn = fnnum("todo/",0); //todo file name

  intdfn = fnnum("intd/",0); //intd file name

  if (link(pidfn,messfn) == -1) die(64);

  if (unlink(pidfn) == -1) die(63);

  //進程id文件使命很快結束,死掉了

  //所以你不應該想在queue/pid目錄中找到進程id文件。

  //另外,qmail-clean也將定期清理queue/pid目錄下的pid文件,說定期其實也不是,qmail-clean會在每收到30個清理郵件的請求后清理pid目錄一次.這在分析qmail-clean時我們將會看到.

  flagmademess = 1;

  //fd1關聯到寫mess/下新建的文件。 通過管道連接<--------qmail-smtp 的 qqt->fde

  //也就是說qmail-smtpd進程寫它的qqt-fde,那就相當於寫mess/下新建立的郵件

  //注意是關聯不是正式寫

  substdio_fdbuf(&ssout,write,messfd,outbuf,sizeof(outbuf));

  //fd0關聯到讀標準輸入到緩存區inbuf 通過管道連接 <---------qmail-smtp 的 qqt->fdm

  //也就是說讀ssin將從qmail-smtpd的qqt->fdm端讀

  substdio_fdbuf(&ssin,read,0,inbuf,sizeof(inbuf));

  //向mess/下的郵件文件寫qmail-queue的頭部信息

  if (substdio_bput(&ssout,received,receivedlen) == -1) die_write();

  //從fd1讀smtpd設置的郵件首部

  switch(substdio_copy(&ssout,&ssin))

  {

  case -2: die_read();

  case -3: die_write();

  }

  if (substdio_flush(&ssout) == -1) die_write();

  if (fsync(messfd) == -1) die_write();

  intdfd = open_excl(intdfn);

  if (intdfd == -1) die(65);

  flagmadeintd = 1;

  //fd1關聯到寫intd/下新建立的文件 fd0關聯到讀inbuff緩衝區

  substdio_fdbuf(&ssout,write,intdfd,outbuf,sizeof(outbuf));

  substdio_fdbuf(&ssin,read,1,inbuf,sizeof(inbuf));

  /*

  向intd下新建立的文件寫如下格式內容

  這些內容來自於qmail-smtpd.c中的data命令的解釋函數。

  u[uid]p[pid]F[mailfrom]T[rcptto1][rcptto2][rcptton]

  例如:lyx@hg.org向hong@hg.org和beggar@hg.org發郵件可能會有如下內容

  u6027p34234Flyx@hg.orgThong@hg.orgTbeggar@hg.org

  */

  if (substdio_bput(&ssout,"u",1) == -1) die_write();

  if (substdio_bput(&ssout,tmp,fmt_ulong(tmp,uid)) == -1) die_write();

  if (substdio_bput(&ssout,"",1) == -1) die_write();

  if (substdio_bput(&ssout,"p",1) == -1) die_write();

  if (substdio_bput(&ssout,tmp,fmt_ulong(tmp,mypid)) == -1) die_write();

  if (substdio_bput(&ssout,"",1) == -1) die_write();

  if (substdio_get(&ssin,&ch,1) < 1) die_read();

  if (ch != 'F') die(91);

  if (substdio_bput(&ssout,&ch,1) == -1) die_write();

  for (len = 0;len < ADDR;++len)

  {

  if (substdio_get(&ssin,&ch,1) < 1) die_read();

  if (substdio_put(&ssout,&ch,1) == -1) die_write();

  if (!ch) break;

  }

  //如有多個郵件接收人時,這些接收人的地址總不長度不能超過1023位元組,如果每個郵件地址約為15個位元組的話,

  //大約可能指定65個

  if (len >= ADDR) die(11);

  if (substdio_bput(&ssout,QUEUE_EXTRA,QUEUE_EXTRALEN) == -1) die_write();

  for (;;)

  {

  if (substdio_get(&ssin,&ch,1) < 1) die_read();

  if (!ch) break;

  if (ch != 'T') die(91);

  if (substdio_bput(&ssout,&ch,1) == -1) die_write();

  for (len = 0;len < ADDR;++len)

  {

  if (substdio_get(&ssin,&ch,1) < 1) die_read();

  if (substdio_bput(&ssout,&ch,1) == -1) die_write();

  if (!ch) break;

  }

  if (len >= ADDR) die(11);

  }

  if (substdio_flush(&ssout) == -1) die_write();

  if (fsync(intdfd) == -1) die_write();

  //複製intdfn到todofn 由此可見這兩個是相同的文件

  if (link(intdfn,todofn) == -1) die(66);

  triggerpull(); //向命名管道 /var/qmail/queue/lock/trigger寫一個位元組(寫的是0),通知有新的郵件

  die(0); //退出

  }

  ==完==

  qmail-popup.c分析

  Programmer:夜未眠

  Come from:ChongQing Gearbox co.,ltd

  qmail -popup也是由tcpserver或tcp-env之類的程式啟動。這些程式是通過管道與qmail-popup通信的。這也是qmail 的美妙之處,總觀整個qmail源代碼,除少量dns代碼外。基本上沒有使用網路編程。各個進程間大部分都是通管道通信。把監聽,讀寫網路部分交給 inetd或tcpserver來作。使得qmail代碼相當容易閱讀理解。

  主要功能:

  1.從網路讀pop3命令,進行相應處理。

  2.調用子進程(vchkpw或checkpassword,具體是哪一個由你在運行參數中指定,當然,仔細分析完doanddie函數后你也許就能編寫自己的checkpw了,呵呵)完成檢驗密碼,啟動qmail-pop3d的工作

  重要的函數是doanddie. 理解這個函數基本上就能理解qmail pop密碼的檢驗流程。

  幾個程式間的關係是:

  代碼:

  tcpserver---->qmail-popup---->vchkpw----認證成功--->qmail-pop3d

  | |

  | |

  <---------- 認證失敗-----------+

  ==========================

  代碼:

  void die() { _exit(1); }

  int saferead(fd,buf,len) int fd; char *buf; int len;

  {

  int r;

  r = timeoutread(1200,fd,buf,len);

  if (r <= 0) die();

  return r;

  }

  int safewrite(fd,buf,len) int fd; char *buf; int len;

  {

  int r;

  r = timeoutwrite(1200,fd,buf,len);

  if (r <= 0) die();

  return r;

  }

  char ssoutbuf[128];

  substdio ssout = SUBSTDIO_FDBUF(safewrite,1,ssoutbuf,sizeof ssoutbuf);

  char ssinbuf[128];

  substdio ssin = SUBSTDIO_FDBUF(saferead,0,ssinbuf,sizeof ssinbuf);

  void puts(s) char *s;

  {

  substdio_puts(&ssout,s);

  }

  void flush()

  {

  substdio_flush(&ssout);

  }

  void err(s) char *s;

  {

  puts("-ERR ");

  puts(s);

  puts("\r\n");

  flush();

  }

  void die_usage() { err("usage: popup hostname subprogram"); die(); }

  void die_nomem() { err("out of memory"); die(); }

  void die_pipe() { err("unable to open pipe"); die(); }

  void die_write() { err("unable to write pipe"); die(); }

  void die_fork() { err("unable to fork"); die(); }

  void die_childcrashed() { err("aack, child crashed"); }

  void die_badauth() { err("authorization failed"); }

  void err_syntax() { err("syntax error"); }

  void err_wantuser() { err("USER first"); }

  void err_authoriz() { err("authorization first"); }

  void okay() { puts("+OK \r\n"); flush(); }

  void pop3_quit() { okay(); die(); }

  //FMT_ULONG 40 /* enough space to hold 2^128 - 1 in decimal, plus \0 */

  char unique[FMT_ULONG + FMT_ULONG + 3];

  char *hostname;

  stralloc username = {0};

  int seenuser = 0;

  char **childargs;

  substdio ssup;

  char upbuf[128];

  void doanddie(user,userlen,pass)

  char *user;

  unsigned int userlen; /* including 0 byte */

  char *pass;

  {

  int child;

  int wstat;

  int pi[2];

  if (fd_copy(2,1) == -1) die_pipe();//關閉出錯(fd2),將標準輸出(fd1),定向到標準出錯(fd2)

  close(3);

  if (pipe(pi) == -1) die_pipe();

  if (pi[0] != 3) die_pipe(); //確保向子進程能夠讀到硬編碼的fd 3

  switch(child = fork()) { //建立子進程執行subprogram給出的程式,一般是一個檢驗用戶名和密碼的程式

  case -1:

  die_fork();

  case 0:

  close(pi[1]);

  sig_pipedefault();//子進程執行checkpassword或vchkpw之類的程式,檢驗密碼,如果認證通過

  execvp(*childargs,childargs);//這些再調用qmail-pop3d

  _exit(1);

  }

  //父進程向子進程的fd3傳送用戶名及密碼,這是一個約定。如果你要寫自已的檢驗密碼的程式,記得

  //從fd3讀密碼哦。

  close(pi[0]);

  substdio_fdbuf(&ssup,write,pi[1],upbuf,sizeof upbuf);

  if (substdio_put(&ssup,user,userlen) == -1) die_write();

  if (substdio_put(&ssup,pass,str_len(pass) + 1) == -1) die_write();

  //父進程向子進程傳送<進程ID.當前時間@主機名>

  if (substdio_puts(&ssup,"<") == -1) die_write();

  if (substdio_puts(&ssup,unique) == -1) die_write();

  if (substdio_puts(&ssup,hostname) == -1) die_write();

  if (substdio_put(&ssup,">",2) == -1) die_write();

  if (substdio_flush(&ssup) == -1) die_write();

  close(pi[1]);

  //清除密碼及用戶名緩衝區

  byte_zero(pass,str_len(pass));

  byte_zero(upbuf,sizeof upbuf);

  if (wait_pid(&wstat,child) == -1) die();//等待子進程結束

  if (wait_crashed(wstat)) die_childcrashed();

  if (wait_exitcode(wstat)) die_badauth();

  //完成一次pop3對話退出

  die();

  }

  //顯示歡迎信息

  void pop3_greet()

  {

  char *s;

  s = unique;

  s += fmt_uint(s,getpid());

  *s++ = '.';

  s += fmt_ulong(s,(unsigned long) now());

  *s++ = '@';

  *s++ = 0;

  puts("+OK <");

  puts(unique);

  puts(hostname);

  puts(">\r\n");

  flush();

  }

  //設置標誌,初始化用戶名變數

  void pop3_user(arg) char *arg;

  {

  if (!*arg) { err_syntax(); return; }

  okay();

  seenuser = 1; //user命令已經執行的標誌

  if (!stralloc_copys(&username,arg)) die_nomem(); //將參數存入username

  if (!stralloc_0(&username)) die_nomem();

  }

  void pop3_pass(arg) char *arg;

  {

  if (!seenuser) { err_wantuser(); return; }//如果沒有執行user命令,返回

  if (!*arg) { err_syntax(); return; }

  doanddie(username.s,username.len,arg);//調用子進程驗正密碼並等待它完成

  }

  void pop3_apop(arg) char *arg;//用戶名及密碼在一個命令中給出的情況,見user,pass

  {

  char *space;

  space = arg + str_chr(arg,' ');

  if (!*space) { err_syntax(); return; }

  *space++ = 0;

  doanddie(arg,space - arg,space);

  }

  struct commands pop3commands[] = {//命令及相應的處理函數表

  { "user", pop3_user, 0 }

  , { "pass", pop3_pass, 0 }

  , { "apop", pop3_apop, 0 }

  , { "quit", pop3_quit, 0 }

  , { "noop", okay, 0 }

  , { 0, err_authoriz, 0 }

  } ;

  void main(argc,argv)

  int argc;

  char **argv;

  {

  sig_alarmcatch(die);//捕獲sigalrm信號

  sig_pipeignore();//忽略pipe信號

  hostname = argv[1]; //hostname 指向 程式的第一個參數

  if (!hostname) die_usage();

  childargs = argv + 2;

  if (!*childargs) die_usage();

  pop3_greet();//顯示歡迎信息後進入命令循環,等待用戶命令

  commands(&ssin,pop3commands);

  die();

  }

  qmail-start.c 分析

  Programmer:夜未眠

  Comefrom:ChongQing Gearbox co.,ltd

  qmail-start 是很簡單的一個程式,他完成qmail-send,qmail-clean,qmail-lspawn,qmail-rspawn,splogger的啟動,並通過管道將他們聯繫在一起,當然不是網狀連接.具體如下

  代碼:

  =====================================

  qmail-lspawn fd0 <-------- qmail-send fd1

  qmail-lspawn fd1 --------> qmail-send fd2

  qmail-rspawn fd0 <-------- qmail-send fd3

  qmail-rspawn fd1 --------> qmail-send fd4

  qmail-clean fd0 <-------- qmail-send fd5

  qmail-clean fd1 --------> qmail-send fd6

  =====================================

  理解他們之間的關係(注意方向)對於理解qmail-send源代碼非常重要。仔細再看一次。

  因為其比較簡單,所以這裡就不對他的源代碼作過細的分析:

  代碼:

  char *(qsargs[]) = { "qmail-send", 0 };

  char *(qcargs[]) = { "qmail-clean", 0 };

  char *(qlargs[]) = { "qmail-lspawn", "./Mailbox", 0 };

  char *(qrargs[]) = { "qmail-rspawn", 0 };

  void die() { _exit(111); }

  int pi0[2]; //splogger qmail

  int pi1[2]; //qmail-lspawn fd0 <-------- qmail-send fd1

  int pi2[2]; //qmail-lspawn fd1 --------> qmail-send fd2

  int pi3[2]; //qmail-rspawn fd0 <-------- qmail-send fd3

  int pi4[2]; //qmail-rspawn fd1 --------> qmail-send fd4

  int pi5[2]; //qmail-clean fd0 <-------- qmail-send fd5

  int pi6[2]; //qmail-clean fd1 --------> qmail-send fd6

  void close23456() { close(2); close(3); close(4); close(5); close(6); }

  //****************//

  //因為沒有關閉pi0.

  //所以所有的子進程都可以通過寫pi0來記錄maillog.

  void closepipes() {

  close(pi1[0]); close(pi1[1]); close(pi2[0]); close(pi2[1]);

  close(pi3[0]); close(pi3[1]); close(pi4[0]); close(pi4[1]);

  close(pi5[0]); close(pi5[1]); close(pi6[0]); close(pi6[1]);

  }

  void main(argc,argv)

  int argc;

  char **argv;

  {

  if (chdir("/") == -1) die();

  umask(077);

  if (prot_gid(auto_gidq) == -1) die();

  if (fd_copy(2,0) == -1) die();

  if (fd_copy(3,0) == -1) die();

  if (fd_copy(4,0) == -1) die();

  if (fd_copy(5,0) == -1) die();

  if (fd_copy(6,0) == -1) die();

  if (argv[1]) {

  qlargs[1] = argv[1];

  ++argv;

  }

  if (argv[1]) {

  if (pipe(pi0) == -1) die();

  switch(fork()) {

  case -1:

  die();

  case 0:

  if (prot_gid(auto_gidn) == -1) die();

  if (prot_uid(auto_uidl) == -1) die();

  close(pi0[1]);

  if (fd_move(0,pi0[0]) == -1) die();//重定向pi0[0]到splogger的fd0

  close23456();

  execvp(argv[1],argv + 1);//啟動splogger

  die();

  }

  close(pi0[0]);

  if (fd_move(1,pi0[1]) == -1) die();

  }

  if (pipe(pi1) == -1) die();

  if (pipe(pi2) == -1) die();

  if (pipe(pi3) == -1) die();

  if (pipe(pi4) == -1) die();

  if (pipe(pi5) == -1) die();

  if (pipe(pi6) == -1) die();

  switch(fork()) {//啟動qmail-lspawn

  case -1: die();

  case 0:

  if (fd_copy(0,pi1[0]) == -1) die();

  if (fd_copy(1,pi2[1]) == -1) die();

  close23456();

  closepipes();

  execvp(*qlargs,qlargs);

  die();

  }

  switch(fork()) {//啟動qmail-rspawn

  case -1: die();

  case 0:

  if (prot_uid(auto_uidr) == -1) die();

  if (fd_copy(0,pi3[0]) == -1) die();

  if (fd_copy(1,pi4[1]) == -1) die();

  close23456();

  closepipes();

  execvp(*qrargs,qrargs);

  die();

  }

  switch(fork()) {//啟動qmail-clean

  case -1: die();

  case 0:

  if (prot_uid(auto_uidq) == -1) die();

  if (fd_copy(0,pi5[0]) == -1) die();

  if (fd_copy(1,pi6[1]) == -1) die();

  close23456();

  closepipes();

  execvp(*qcargs,qcargs);

  die();

  }

  if (prot_uid(auto_uids) == -1) die();

  if (fd_copy(0,1) == -1) die(); //重定向管道,把qmail-send 與上面各進程聯繫起來。

  if (fd_copy(1,pi1[1]) == -1) die();

  if (fd_copy(2,pi2[0]) == -1) die();

  if (fd_copy(3,pi3[1]) == -1) die();

  if (fd_copy(4,pi4[0]) == -1) die();

  if (fd_copy(5,pi5[1]) == -1) die();

  if (fd_copy(6,pi6[0]) == -1) die();

  closepipes();

  execvp(*qsargs,qsargs);//最後啟動qmail-send

  die();

  }

  ==完==

  qmail-pop3d源代碼分析

  Programmer:夜未眠

  Comefrom: ChongQing Gearbox co.,ltd

  關鍵數據結構

  隊列: --> prioq

  這個數據結構在很多qmail很多程式中都有用到,最好記下來

  代碼:

  struct prioq_elt {

  datetime_sec dt;//時間戳,優先順序

  unsigned long id;//郵件唯一id,你可以把它同qmail-queue分析中介紹中pid文件inode聯繫起來

  } ;

  prioq在prioq.h中prioq是這樣定義的

  GEN_ALLOC_typedef(prioq,struct prioq_elt,p,len,a)

  展開后實際上定義為

  typedef struct prioq

  {

  struct prioq_elt *p; // 指針

  unsigned int len; //隊列的長度

  unsigned int a;

  }prioq;

  消息塊: --> message 我把它叫作消息塊是因為他並不包含消息內容,也許這樣稱呼它並不確切

  代碼:

  struct message {

  int flagdeleted; //刪除標記,在qmail-pop3d程式退出時進行實際刪除動作

  unsigned long size; //消息文件大小

  char *fn; //消息文件名

  } *m;

  主要功能:

  qmail-pop3d是則vchkpw或checkpassword之類的程式啟動的。這些程式(vchkpw)會更改環境變數USER,

  HOME,SHELL等等,並在啟動qmail-pop3d前將工作目錄改變到$HOME下.

  qmail-pop3d在啟動時首先檢查./Maildir/tmp(./Maildir是在argv中指定的)下最後訪問時間超過36小

  時的文件,如果存在就將其刪除。也正是由於qmail-pop3d在啟動時就有chdir的動作,所以qmail-pop3d

  不支持mailbox形式的pop.

  掃描Maildir/cur及Maildir/new目錄構造一個消息塊數組 m(首先是構造一個臨時隊列pq,然後根據這個隊列

  來構造消息塊數組),輸出+OK,進入命令循環,等待用戶輸入pop命令進行相應的處理.具體見代碼分析.

  代碼:

  void die() { _exit(0); }

  //超時讀,超時時間為20分鐘,正常返回讀到的位元組數,否則程式失敗die()

  int saferead(fd,buf,len) int fd; char *buf; int len;

  {

  int r;

  r = timeoutread(1200,fd,buf,len);

  if (r <= 0) die();

  return r;

  }

  //超時寫,超時時間為20分鐘,正常返回寫的位元組數,否則程式失敗die()

  int safewrite(fd,buf,len) int fd; char *buf; int len;

  {

  int r;

  r = timeoutwrite(1200,fd,buf,len);

  if (r <= 0) die();

  return r;

  }

  /*定義ssout為向fd1寫,超時時間為20分鐘

  定義ssin為從fd0讀,超時時間為20分鐘

  由於tcpserver或inetd已經重定向了fd1,fd0到網路,所以這就

  等同於向網路讀寫*/

  char ssoutbuf[1024];

  substdio ssout = SUBSTDIO_FDBUF(safewrite,1,ssoutbuf,sizeof ssoutbuf);

  char ssinbuf[128];

  substdio ssin = SUBSTDIO_FDBUF(saferead,0,ssinbuf,sizeof ssinbuf);

  void put(buf,len) char *buf; int len;

  {

  substdio_put(&ssout,buf,len);//將buf緩存中的內容向網路寫

  }

  void puts(s) char *s;

  {

  substdio_puts(&ssout,s);//將s的內容向網路寫,這個函數實際上是調用的substdio_put

  }

  void flush() //確保輸出緩存中已經沒有內容。

  {

  substdio_flush(&ssout);

  }

  void err(s) char *s;

  {

  puts("-ERR ");

  puts(s);

  puts("\r\n");

  flush();

  }

  //錯誤處理函數

  void die_nomem() { err("out of memory"); die(); }

  void die_nomaildir() { err("this user has no $HOME/Maildir"); die(); }

  void die_scan() { err("unable to scan $HOME/Maildir"); die(); }

  void err_syntax() { err("syntax error"); }

  void err_unimpl() { err("unimplemented"); }

  void err_deleted() { err("already deleted"); }

  void err_nozero() { err("messages are counted from 1"); }

  void err_toobig() { err("not that many messages"); }

  void err_nosuch() { err("unable to open that message"); }

  void err_nounlink() { err("unable to unlink all deleted messages"); }

  void okay() { puts("+OK \r\n"); flush(); }

  void printfn(fn) char *fn;

  {

  fn += 4;

  put(fn,str_chr(fn,':'));

  }

  char strnum[FMT_ULONG];

  stralloc line = {0};

  void blast(ssfrom,limit)//從ssfrom讀數據輸出到fd1,一次一行(用全局緩存line)

  substdio *ssfrom;

  unsigned long limit;//除開消息頭部信息,最多讀limit行,limit為0將全部讀完

  {

  int match;

  int inheaders = 1;

  for (;;) {

  if (getln(ssfrom,&line,&match,'\n') != 0) die();

  if (!match && !line.len) break;

  if (match) --line.len; /* no way to pass this info over POP */

  if (limit) if (!inheaders) if (!--limit) break;

  if (!line.len)

  inheaders = 0;

  else

  if (line.s[0] == '.')

  put(".",1);

  put(line.s,line.len);

  put("\r\n",2);

  if (!match) break;

  }

  put("\r\n.\r\n",5);

  flush();

  }

  stralloc 2006830231942.htms = {0};

  prioq pq = {0};

  struct message {

  int flagdeleted; //刪除標記,在程式退出時進行實際刪除動作

  unsigned long size; //文件大小

  char *fn; //文件名

  } *m;

  int numm;//全局變數記錄隊列長度

  int last = 0;

  void getlist()

  {

  struct prioq_elt pe;

  struct stat st;

  int i;

  maildir_clean(&line);//清除Maildir/tmp/目錄下最後訪問時間超過 36小時的文件

  if (maildir_scan(&pq,&2006830231942.htms,1,1) == -1) die_scan();

  numm = pq.p ? pq.len : 0; //記錄下隊列長度

  //通過隊列pq構造消息塊數組,構建結束后隊列pq刪除

  m = (struct message *) alloc(numm * sizeof(struct message));//分配消息塊

  if (!m) die_nomem();

  for (i = 0;i < numm;++i) {

  if (!prioq_min(&pq,&pe)) { numm = i; break; }

  prioq_delmin(&pq);

  m[i].fn = 2006830231942.htms.s + pe.id;

  m[i].flagdeleted = 0;

  if (stat(m[i].fn,&st) == -1)

  m[i].size = 0;

  else

  m[i].size = st.st_size;

  }

  }

  void pop3_stat() //列印類似 +OK <消息數量><刪除標記未設置的消息所佔空間>

  { //如 +OK 3 3555表示總共有3條消息,佔用空間3555(通過stat取得的)

  int i;

  unsigned long total;

  total = 0;

  for (i = 0;i < numm;++i) if (!m[i].flagdeleted) total += m[i].size;

  puts("+OK ");

  put(strnum,fmt_uint(strnum,numm));

  puts(" ");

  put(strnum,fmt_ulong(strnum,total));

  puts("\r\n");

  flush();

  }

  void pop3_rset()//重置pop對話,清除所有刪除標記

  {

  int i;

  for (i = 0;i < numm;++i) m[i].flagdeleted = 0;

  last = 0;

  okay();

  }

  void pop3_last()//顯示最後一個消息塊

  {

  puts("+OK ");

  put(strnum,fmt_uint(strnum,last));

  puts("\r\n");

  flush();

  }

  void pop3_quit()//結束一次pop對話,刪除所有刪除標記設置的消息,將new下的消息移到cur下

  {

  int i;

  for (i = 0;i < numm;++i)

  if (m[i].flagdeleted) {

  if (unlink(m[i].fn) == -1) err_nounlink();

  }

  else

  if (str_start(m[i].fn,"new/")) {

  if (!stralloc_copys(&line,"cur/")) die_nomem();

  if (!stralloc_cats(&line,m[i].fn + 4)) die_nomem();

  if (!stralloc_cats(&line,":2,")) die_nomem();

  if (!stralloc_0(&line)) die_nomem();

  rename(m[i].fn,line.s); /* if it fails, bummer */

  }

  okay();

  die();

  }

  //檢查消息塊是否存在。或消息塊的刪除標記是否已經設置了

  //成功返回消息塊的位置int型

  //失敗返回-1

  int msgno(arg) char *arg;

  {

  unsigned long u;

  if (!scan_ulong(arg,&u)) { err_syntax(); return -1; }

  if (!u) { err_nozero(); return -1; }

  --u;

  if (u >= numm) { err_toobig(); return -1; }

  if (m[u].flagdeleted) { err_deleted(); return -1; }

  return u;

  }

  void pop3_dele(arg) char *arg;//將arg指定消息塊設置刪除標記,實際刪除動作將在pop3退出時進行

  {

  int i;

  i = msgno(arg);

  if (i == -1) return;

  m[i].flagdeleted = 1;

  if (i + 1 > last) last = i + 1;

  okay();

  }

  void list(i,flaguidl)

  int i;

  int flaguidl;

  {//顯示消息塊的內容,如果flaguidl設置,輸出消息文件名,否則消息大小

  put(strnum,fmt_uint(strnum,i + 1));

  puts(" ");

  if (flaguidl) printfn(m[i].fn);

  else put(strnum,fmt_ulong(strnum,m[i].size));

  puts("\r\n");

  }

  //如果指定了參數arg那麼列出arg指定的消息塊的內容,否則列出全部消息

  void dolisting(arg,flaguidl) char *arg; int flaguidl;

  {

  unsigned int i;

  if (*arg) {

  i = msgno(arg);

  if (i == -1) return;

  puts("+OK ");

  list(i,flaguidl);

  }

  else {

  okay();

  for (i = 0;i < numm;++i)

  if (!m[i].flagdeleted)

  list(i,flaguidl);

  puts(".\r\n");

  }

  flush();

  }

  void pop3_uidl(arg) char *arg; { dolisting(arg,1); }

  void pop3_list(arg) char *arg; { dolisting(arg,0); }

  substdio ssmsg; char ssmsgbuf[1024];

  void pop3_top(arg) char *arg;//顯示指定消息的內容

  {

  int i;

  unsigned long limit;

  int fd;

  i = msgno(arg);//郵件號

  if (i == -1) return;

  arg += scan_ulong(arg,&limit);//顯示幾行,如果未指定那麼limit為0(balst函數列印全部內容)

  while (*arg == ' ') ++arg;

  if (scan_ulong(arg,&limit)) ++limit; else limit = 0;

  fd = open_read(m[i].fn);

  if (fd == -1) { err_nosuch(); return; }

  okay();

  //關係ssmsg為從指定的消息文件中讀

  substdio_fdbuf(&ssmsg,read,fd,ssmsgbuf,sizeof(ssmsgbuf));

  //從ssmsg中讀到fd1,如果limit大於0將只讀取除消息頭外的limit行,如果等於0讀全部郵件

  blast(&ssmsg,limit);

  close(fd);

  }

  struct commands pop3commands[] = { //pop3命令及處理函數表

  { "quit", pop3_quit, 0 }

  , { "stat", pop3_stat, 0 }

  , { "list", pop3_list, 0 }//顯示消息大小, { "uidl", pop3_uidl, 0 }//顯示消息文件名, { "dele", pop3_dele, 0 }

  , { "retr", pop3_top, 0 }//取一條消息的內容,與top實現是一樣的, { "rset", pop3_rset, 0 }//重置pop對話,清除所有刪除標記, { "last", pop3_last, 0 }

  , { "top", pop3_top, 0 }

  , { "noop", okay, 0 }

  , { 0, err_unimpl, 0 }

  } ;

  /*qmail-pop3d由vchkpw或checkpassword之類的程式起動,只有認證通過後才能

  執行本程式提供各種pop3命令

  */

  void main(argc,argv)

  int argc;

  char **argv;

  {

  sig_alarmcatch(die);

  sig_pipeignore();

  if (!argv[1]) die_nomaildir();

  //由於vchkpw或checkpassword之類的程式在啟動pop3之前已經將工作目錄改變到HOME下了.

  //所以這裡直接進入arg指定的Maildir目錄.也是由於這個改變目錄原因。qamil-pop3d不支持Mailbox.

  if (chdir(argv[1]) == -1) die_nomaildir();

  getlist(); //這裡構造了我們前面提到了消息塊數組*m

  okay();

  //進入命令循環

  commands(&ssin,pop3commands);

  die();

  }

  ==自此qmail的pop3部分分析基本結束==

  小結

  Maildir/cur 只要用戶進行了一次連接,qmail-pop3d就會將new下所有郵件移動這個目錄下來(quit命令解釋程式中有體現.)

  Maildir/new 用戶還沒看過新郵件

  可見qmail的pop3部分只與Maildir有聯繫,與smtp基本無關。也許有人會問怎麼pop3代碼都完了,怎麼沒看見有使用 Maildir/tmp目錄的地方呢?(只見刪除)其實這個tmp目錄是qmail-local用來保證可靠的轉發所用的臨時文件目錄。如果你想知道具體怎麼可靠法可以看qmail-local的源代碼分析或者man maildir 的HOW A MESSAGE IS DELIVERED節.

原文鏈接:http://www.5dmail.net/html/2006-8-30/2006830231942.htm



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