Nginx負載均衡搭建勝過Apache十倍?(轉)
編者按:Nginx是目前比較重要的開源性負載均衡技術,新浪、網易、六間房等很多網站都將Nginx部署進自己的網站系統架構,並解決部分問題。本文是作者長期的實戰經驗,很有參考價值。 眾網站紛紛重視Nginx
Nginx:承受3萬併發連接數,勝過Apache 10倍
如何獲取相關開源程序?
Nginx相關環境部署:PHP5安裝、配置
安裝、配置Nginx 0.7.14
【IT168 專稿】本文是我撰寫的關於搭建「Nginx + PHP(FastCGI)」Web伺服器的第4篇文章。本系列文章作為國內最早詳細介紹 Nginx + PHP 安裝、配置、使用的資料之一,為推動 Nginx 在國內的發展產生了積極的作用。
眾網站紛紛重視Nginx
這是一篇關於Nginx 0.7.x系列版本的文章,安裝、配置方式與第3篇文章相差不大,但配置參數有不同。Nginx 0.7.x系列版本雖然為開發版,但在很多大型網站的生產環境中已經使用。
http://image4.it168.com/2008/9/24/19ee3df1-d080-456c-b37d-5b4682b0edee.jpg
Nginx ("engine x") 是一個高性能的 HTTP 和反向代理伺服器,也是一個 IMAP/POP3/SMTP 代理伺服器。 Nginx 是由 Igor Sysoev 為俄羅斯訪問量第二的 Rambler.ru 站點開發的,它已經在該站點運行超過兩年半了。Igor 將源代碼以類BSD許可證的形式發布。
Nginx 超越 Apache 的高性能和穩定性,使得國內使用 Nginx 作為 Web 伺服器的網站也越來越多,其中包括新浪博客、新浪播客、網易新聞等門戶網站頻道,六間房、56.com等視頻分享網站,Discuz!官方論壇、水木社區等知名論壇,豆瓣、YUPOO相冊、海內SNS、迅雷在線等新興Web 2.0網站。
Nginx:承受3萬併發連接數,勝過Apache 10倍
在高併發連接的情況下,Nginx是Apache伺服器不錯的替代品。Nginx同時也可以作為7層負載均衡伺服器來使用。根據我的測試結果,Nginx 0.7.14 + PHP 5.2.6 (FastCGI) 可以承受3萬以上的併發連接數,相當於同等環境下Apache的10倍。
根據我的經驗,4GB內存的伺服器+Apache(prefork模式)一般只能處理3000個併發連接,因為它們將佔用3GB以上的內存,還得為系統預留1GB的內存。我曾經就有兩台Apache伺服器,因為在配置文件中設置的MaxClients為4000,當Apache併發連接數達到3800時,導致伺服器內存和Swap空間用滿而崩潰。
而這台 Nginx 0.7.14 + PHP 5.2.6 (FastCGI) 伺服器在3萬併發連接下,開啟的10個Nginx進程消耗150M內存(15M*10=150M),開啟的64個php-cgi進程消耗1280M內存(20M*64=1280M),加上系統自身消耗的內存,總共消耗不到2GB內存。如果伺服器內存較小,完全可以只開啟25個php-cgi進程,這樣php-cgi消耗的總內存數才500M。
在3萬併發連接下,訪問Nginx 0.7.14 + PHP 5.2.6 (FastCGI) 伺服器的PHP程序,仍然速度飛快。下圖為Nginx的狀態監控頁面,顯示的活動連接數為28457(關於Nginx的監控頁配置,會在本文接下來所給出的Nginx配置文件中寫明):
http://image4.it168.com/2008/9/24/c2c34fe7-2df9-4324-83c2-ad0382cc4704.jpg
我生產環境下的兩台Nginx + PHP5(FastCGI)伺服器,跑多個一般複雜的純PHP動態程序,單台Nginx + PHP5(FastCGI)伺服器跑PHP動態程序的處理能力已經超過「700次請求/秒」,相當於每天可以承受6000萬(700*60*60*24=60480000)的訪問量(更多信息見此),而伺服器的系統負載也不高:
http://image4.it168.com/2008/9/24/51d2c6ac-067b-494d-a213-4cdb0482cead.jpg
如何獲取相關開源程序?
安裝步驟:
(系統要求:Linux 2.6+ 內核,本文中的Linux操作系統為CentOS 5.1,另在RedHat AS4上也安裝成功)
一、獲取相關開源程序:
1、利用CentOS Linux系統自帶的yum命令安裝、升級所需的程序庫(RedHat等其他Linux發行版可從安裝光碟中找到這些程序庫的RPM包,進行安裝):
sudo -s
LANG=C
yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ autoconf libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel zlib zlib-devel glibc glibc-devel glib2 glib2-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel ncurses ncurses-devel curl curl-devel
2、RedHat等其他Linux發行版可從安裝光碟中找到這些程序庫的RPM包(事先可通過類似「rpm -qa | grep libjpeg」的命令查看所需的RPM包是否存在,通常是「xxx-devel」不存在,需要安裝)。RedHat可以直接利用CentOS的RPM包安裝,以下是RPM包下載網址:
①、RedHat AS4 & CentOS 4
http://mirror.be10.com/centos/4/os/i386/CentOS/RPMS/
http://mirror.be10.com/centos/4/os/x86_64/CentOS/RPMS/
②、RedHat AS5 & CentOS 5
http://mirror.be10.com/centos/5/os/i386/CentOS/
http://mirror.be10.com/centos/5/os/x86_64/CentOS/
③、RPM包搜索網站
http://rpm.pbone.net/
http://www.rpmfind.net/
3、下載程序源碼包:
本文中提到的所有開源軟體為截止到2008年8月28日的最新穩定版。
mkdir -p /data0/software
cd /data0/software
wget http://sysoev.ru/nginx/nginx-0.7.14.tar.gz
wget http://www.php.net/get/php-5.2.6.tar.gz/from/this/mirror
wget http://php-fpm.anight.org/downloads/head/php-5.2.6-fpm-0.5.8.diff.gz
#wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.1/mysql-5.1.26-rc.tar.gz/from/http://mirror.x10.com/mirror/mysql/
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/mysql/mysql-5.1.26-rc.tar.gz
wget http://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/libiconv/libiconv-1.12.tar.gz
#wget "http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mcrypt/libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz?modtime=1171868460&big_mirror=0"
wget http://mirror.optus.net/sourceforge/m/mc/mcrypt/libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
#wget "http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mcrypt/mcrypt-2.6.7.tar.gz?modtime=1194463373&big_mirror=0"
wget http://mirror.optus.net/sourceforge/m/mc/mcrypt/mcrypt-2.6.7.tar.gz
wget http://pecl.php.net/get/memcache-2.2.3.tgz
#wget "http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mhash/mhash-0.9.9.tar.gz?modtime=1175740843&big_mirror=0"
wget http://mirror.optus.net/sourceforge/m/mh/mhash/mhash-0.9.9.tar.gz
wget ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/pcre-7.7.tar.gz
wget http://bart.eaccelerator.net/source/0.9.5.3/eaccelerator-0.9.5.3.tar.bz2
《解決方案》
PHP5安裝、配置內容 二、安裝PHP 5.2.6(FastCGI模式)
1、編譯安裝PHP 5.2.6所需的支持庫:
tar zxvf libiconv-1.12.tar.gz
cd libiconv-1.12/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local
make
make install
cd ../
tar zxvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
cd libmcrypt-2.5.8/
./configure
make
make install
/sbin/ldconfig
cd libltdl/
./configure --enable-ltdl-install
make
make install
cd ../../
tar zxvf mhash-0.9.9.tar.gz
cd mhash-0.9.9/
./configure
make
make install
cd ../
cp /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.* /usr/lib
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2
tar zxvf mcrypt-2.6.7.tar.gz
cd mcrypt-2.6.7/
./configure
make
make install
cd ../
2、編譯安裝MySQL 5.1.26-rc
/usr/sbin/groupadd mysql
/usr/sbin/useradd -g mysql mysql
tar zxvf mysql-5.1.26-rc.tar.gz
cd mysql-5.1.26-rc/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/ --enable-assembler --with-extra-charsets=complex --enable-thread-safe-client --with-big-tables --with-readline --with-ssl --with-embedded-server --enable-local-infile
make && make install
chmod +w /usr/local/webserver/mysql
chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/webserver/mysql
cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /usr/local/webserver/mysql/my.cnf
cd ../
附:以下為附加步驟,如果你想在這台伺服器上運行MySQL資料庫,則執行以下兩步。如果你只是希望讓PHP支持MySQL擴展庫,能夠連接其他伺服器上的MySQL資料庫,那麼,以下兩步無需執行。
①、以mysql用戶帳號的身份建立數據表:
/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --defaults-file=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/my.cnf --basedir=/usr/local/webserver/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/data --user=mysql --pid-file=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/mysql.pid --skip-locking --port=3306 --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
②、啟動MySQL(最後的&表示在後台運行)
/bin/sh /usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/my.cnf &
3、編譯安裝PHP(FastCGI模式)
tar zxvf php-5.2.6.tar.gz
gzip -cd php-5.2.6-fpm-0.5.8.diff.gz | patch -d php-5.2.6 -p1
cd php-5.2.6/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/php --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/webserver/php/etc --with-mysql=/usr/local/webserver/mysql --with-mysqli=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql_config --with-iconv-dir=/usr/local --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib --with-libxml-dir=/usr --enable-xml --disable-rpath --enable-discard-path --enable-safe-mode --enable-bcmath --enable-shmop --enable-sysvsem --enable-inline-optimization --with-curl --with-curlwrappers --enable-mbregex --enable-fastcgi --enable-fpm --enable-force-cgi-redirect --enable-mbstring --with-mcrypt --with-gd --enable-gd-native-ttf --with-openssl
sed -i 's#-lz -lm -lxml2 -lz -lm -lxml2 -lz -lm -lcrypt#& -liconv#' Makefile
make
make install
cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
cd ../
4、編譯安裝PHP5擴展模塊
tar zxvf memcache-2.2.3.tgz
cd memcache-2.2.3/
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
cd ../
tar jxvf eaccelerator-0.9.5.3.tar.bz2
cd eaccelerator-0.9.5.3/
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
./configure --enable-eaccelerator=shared --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
cd ../
5、修改php.ini文件
手工修改:查找/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini中的extension_dir = "./"
修改為extension_dir = "/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"
並在此行后增加以下幾行,然後保存:
extension = "memcache.so"
再查找output_buffering = Off
修改為output_buffering = On
自動修改:若嫌手工修改麻煩,可執行以下shell命令,自動完成對php.ini文件的修改:
sed -i 's#extension_dir = "./"#extension_dir = "/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"\nextension = "memcache.so"\n#' /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
sed -i 's#output_buffering = Off#output_buffering = On#' /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
6、配置eAccelerator加速PHP:
mkdir -p /usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cache
vi /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
按shift+g鍵跳到配置文件的最末尾,加上以下配置信息:
引用
zend_extension="/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/eaccelerator.so"
eaccelerator.shm_size="128"
eaccelerator.cache_dir="/usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cache"
eaccelerator.enable="1"
eaccelerator.optimizer="1"
eaccelerator.check_mtime="1"
eaccelerator.debug="0"
eaccelerator.filter=""
eaccelerator.shm_max="0"
eaccelerator.shm_ttl="300"
eaccelerator.shm_prune_period="120"
eaccelerator.shm_only="0"
eaccelerator.compress="1"
eaccelerator.compress_level="9"
修改配置文件:
vi /etc/sysctl.conf
輸入以下內容:
引用
kernel.shmmax = 134217728
然後執行以下命令使配置生效:
/sbin/sysctl -p
7、創建www用戶和組,以及供blog.s135.com和www.s135.com兩個虛擬主機使用的目錄:
/usr/sbin/groupadd www -g 48
/usr/sbin/useradd -u 48 -g www www
mkdir -p /data0/htdocs/blog
chmod +w /data0/htdocs/blog
chown -R www:www /data0/htdocs/blog
mkdir -p /data0/htdocs/www
chmod +w /data0/htdocs/www
chown -R www:www /data0/htdocs/www
8、創建php-fpm配置文件(php-fpm是為PHP打的一個FastCGI管理補丁,可以平滑變更php.ini配置而無需重啟php-cgi):
在/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/目錄中創建php-fpm.conf文件:
rm -f /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
vi /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
輸入以下內容(如果您安裝 Nginx + PHP 用於程序調試,請將以下的<value name="display_errors">0</value>改為<value name="display_errors">1</value>,以便顯示PHP錯誤信息,否則,Nginx 會報狀態為500的空白錯誤頁):
view plaincopy to clipboardprint?
<?xml?version="1.0"??>
<configuration>
All?relative?paths?in?this?config?are?relative?to?php's?install?prefix ?
<section?name="global_options">
Pid?file ?
<value?name="pid_file">/usr/local/webserver/php/logs/php-fpm.pid</value>
Error?log?file ?
<value?name="error_log">/usr/local/webserver/php/logs/php-fpm.log</value>
Log?level ?
<value?name="log_level">notice</value>
When?this?amount?of?php?processes?exited?with?SIGSEGV?or?SIGBUS?... ?
<value?name="emergency_restart_threshold">10</value>
...?in?a?less?than?this?interval?of?time,?a?graceful?restart?will?be?initiated. ?
Useful?to?work?around?accidental?curruptions?in?accelerator's?shared?memory. ?
<value?name="emergency_restart_interval">1m</value>
Time?limit?on?waiting?child's?reaction?on?signals?from?master ?
<value?name="process_control_timeout">5s</value>
Set?to?'no'?to?debug?fpm ?
<value?name="daemonize">yes</value>
</section>
<workers>
<section?name="pool">
Name?of?pool.?Used?in?logs?and?stats. ?
<value?name="name">default</value>
Address?to?accept?fastcgi?requests?on. ?
Valid?syntax?is?'ip.ad.re.ss:port'?or?just?'port'?or?'/path/to/unix/socket' ?
<value?name="listen_address">127.0.0.1:9000</value>
<value?name="listen_options">
Set?listen(2)?backlog ?
<value?name="backlog">-1</value>
Set?permissions?for?unix?socket,?if?one?used. ?
In?Linux?read/write?permissions?must?be?set?in?order?to?allow?connections?from?web?server. ?
Many?BSD-derrived?systems?allow?connections?regardless?of?permissions. ?
<value?name="owner"></value>
<value?name="group"></value>
<value?name="mode">0666</value>
</value>
Additional?php.ini?defines,?specific?to?this?pool?of?workers. ?
<value?name="php_defines">
<value?name="sendmail_path">/usr/sbin/sendmail?-t?-i</value>
<value?name="display_errors">0</value>
</value>
Unix?user?of?processes ?
<value?name="user">www</value>
Unix?group?of?processes ?
<value?name="group">www</value>
Process?manager?settings ?
<value?name="pm">
Sets?style?of?controling?worker?process?count. ?
Valid?values?are?'static'?and?'apache-like' ?
<value?name="style">static</value>
Sets?the?limit?on?the?number?of?simultaneous?requests?that?will?be?served. ?
Equivalent?to?Apache?MaxClients?directive. ?
Equivalent?to?PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN?environment?in?original?php.fcgi ?
Used?with?any?pm_style. ?
<value?name="max_children">200</value>
Settings?group?for?'apache-like'?pm?style ?
<value?name="apache_like">
Sets?the?number?of?server?processes?created?on?startup. ?
Used?only?when?'apache-like'?pm_style?is?selected ?
<value?name="StartServers">20</value>
Sets?the?desired?minimum?number?of?idle?server?processes. ?
Used?only?when?'apache-like'?pm_style?is?selected ?
<value?name="MinSpareServers">5</value>
Sets?the?desired?maximum?number?of?idle?server?processes. ?
Used?only?when?'apache-like'?pm_style?is?selected ?
<value?name="MaxSpareServers">250</value>
</value>
</value>
Time?limit?on?waiting?execution?of?single?request ?
Should?be?used?when?'max_execution_time'?ini?option?does?not?terminate?execution?for?some?reason ?
<value?name="request_execution_timeout">31s</value>
Set?open?file?desc?rlimit ?
<value?name="rlimit_files">51200</value>
Set?max?core?size?rlimit ?
<value?name="rlimit_core">0</value>
Chroot?to?this?directory?at?the?start ?
<value?name="chroot"></value>
Chdir?to?this?directory?at?the?start ?
<value?name="chdir"></value>
Redirect?workers'?stdout?and?stderr?into?main?error?log. ?
If?not?set,?they?will?be?redirected?to?/dev/null,?according?to?FastCGI?specs ?
<value?name="catch_workers_output">yes</value>
How?much?requests?each?process?should?execute?before?respawn. ?
Useful?to?work?around?memory?leaks?in?3rd?party?libraries. ?
For?endless?request?processing?please?specify?0 ?
Equivalent?to?PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS ?
<value?name="max_requests">51200</value>
Comma?separated?list?of?ipv4?addresses?of?FastCGI?clients?that?allowed?to?connect. ?
Equivalent?to?FCGI_WEB_SERVER_ADDRS?environment?in?original?php.fcgi?(5.2.2+) ?
Makes?sense?only?with?AF_INET?listening?socket. ?
<value?name="allowed_clients">127.0.0.1</value>
Pass?environment?variables?like?LD_LIBRARY_PATH ?
All?$VARIABLEs?are?taken?from?current?environment ?
<value?name="environment">
<value?name="HOSTNAME">$HOSTNAME</value>
<value?name="PATH">/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin</value>
<value?name="TMP">/tmp</value>
<value?name="TMPDIR">/tmp</value>
<value?name="TEMP">/tmp</value>
<value?name="OSTYPE">$OSTYPE</value>
<value?name="MACHTYPE">$MACHTYPE</value>
<value?name="MALLOC_CHECK_">2</value>
</value>
</section>
</workers>
</configuration>
http://image4.it168.com/2008/9/24/10fe7715-e121-4015-8590-e2824241903b.jpg
9、啟動php-cgi進程,監聽127.0.0.1的9000埠,進程數為200(如果伺服器內存小於3GB,可以只開啟64個進程),用戶為www:
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm start
註:/usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm還有其他參數,包括:start|stop|quit|restart|reload|logrotate,修改php.ini后不重啟php-cgi,重新載入配置文件使用reload。
《解決方案》
安裝、配置Nginx 0.7.14 三、安裝Nginx 0.7.14
1、安裝Nginx所需的pcre庫:
tar zxvf pcre-7.7.tar.gz
cd pcre-7.7/
./configure
make && make install
cd ../
2、安裝Nginx
tar zxvf nginx-0.7.14.tar.gz
cd nginx-0.7.14/
./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module
make && make install
cd ../
3、創建Nginx日誌目錄
mkdir -p /data1/logs
chmod +w /data1/logs
chown -R www:www /data1/logs
4、創建Nginx配置文件
①、在/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/目錄中創建nginx.conf文件:
rm -f /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
vi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
輸入以下內容:
引用
user www www;
worker_processes 8;
error_log /data1/logs/nginx_error.log crit;
pid /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid;
#Specifies the value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by this process.
worker_rlimit_nofile 51200;
events
{
?use epoll;
?worker_connections 51200;
}
http
{
?include mime.types;
?default_type application/octet-stream;
?#charset gb2312;
?
?server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;
?client_header_buffer_size 32k;
?large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;
?
?sendfile on;
?tcp_nopush on;
?keepalive_timeout 60;
?tcp_nodelay on;
?fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;
?fastcgi_send_timeout 300;
?fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
?fastcgi_buffer_size 64k;
?fastcgi_buffers 4 64k;
?fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;
?fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k;
?gzip on;
?gzip_min_length 1k;
?gzip_buffers 4 16k;
?gzip_http_version 1.0;
?gzip_comp_level 2;
?gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;
?gzip_vary on;
?#limit_zone crawler $binary_remote_addr 10m;
?server
?{
?listen 80;
?server_name blog.s135.com;
?index index.html index.htm index.php;
?root /data0/htdocs/blog;
?#limit_conn crawler 20;
?location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$
?{
?#fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
?fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
?fastcgi_index index.php;
?include fcgi.conf;
?}
?
?location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$
?{
?expires 30d;
?}
?location ~ .*\.(js|css)?$
?{
?expires 1h;
?}
?log_format access '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
?'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
?'"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for';
?access_log /data1/logs/access.log access;
?}
?server
?{
?listen 80;
?server_name www.s135.com;
?index index.html index.htm index.php;
?root /data0/htdocs/www;
?location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$
?{
?#fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
?fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
?fastcgi_index index.php;
?include fcgi.conf;
?}
?log_format wwwlogs '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for';
?access_log /data1/logs/wwwlogs.log wwwlogs;
?}
?server
?{
?listen 80;
?server_name status.blog.s135.com;
?location / {
?stub_status on;
?access_log off;
?}
?}
}
②、在/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/目錄中創建fcgi.conf文件:
vi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/fcgi.conf
輸入以下內容:
引用
fastcgi_param GATEWAY_INTERFACE CGI/1.1;
fastcgi_param SERVER_SOFTWARE nginx;
fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING $query_string;
fastcgi_param REQUEST_METHOD $request_method;
fastcgi_param CONTENT_TYPE $content_type;
fastcgi_param CONTENT_LENGTH $content_length;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME $fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param REQUEST_URI $request_uri;
fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_URI $document_uri;
fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_ROOT $document_root;
fastcgi_param SERVER_PROTOCOL $server_protocol;
fastcgi_param REMOTE_ADDR $remote_addr;
fastcgi_param REMOTE_PORT $remote_port;
fastcgi_param SERVER_ADDR $server_addr;
fastcgi_param SERVER_PORT $server_port;
fastcgi_param SERVER_NAME $server_name;
# PHP only, required if PHP was built with --enable-force-cgi-redirect
fastcgi_param REDIRECT_STATUS 200;
5、啟動Nginx
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx
四、配置開機自動啟動Nginx + PHP
vi /etc/rc.local
在末尾增加以下內容:
引用
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm start
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx
五、優化Linux內核參數
vi /etc/sysctl.conf
在末尾增加以下內容:
引用
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 5000 65000
使配置立即生效:
/sbin/sysctl -p
六、在不停止Nginx服務的情況下平滑變更Nginx配置
(1)、修改/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf配置文件后,請執行以下命令檢查配置文件是否正確:
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
如果屏幕顯示以下兩行信息,說明配置文件正確:
the configuration file /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
the configuration file /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf was tested successfully
(2)、這時,輸入以下命令查看Nginx主進程號:
ps -ef | grep "nginx: master process" | grep -v "grep" | awk -F ' ' '{print $2}'
屏幕顯示的即為Nginx主進程號,例如:
6302
這時,執行以下命令即可使修改過的Nginx配置文件生效:
kill -HUP 6302
或者無需這麼麻煩,找到Nginx的Pid文件:
kill -HUP `cat /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid
《解決方案》
不錯.
《解決方案》
好文章
《解決方案》
我的圖片伺服器已經全部轉到nginx了。速度有提升,不過沒有10倍那麼誇張的。 對於靜態應用建議還是在前端加squid 反向加速。效果非常明顯。